japan

If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this nation you can find it here: All Statistics

The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:

• Japanese Empire
• Japan (USA Military Occupation)
• State of Japan

Establishment

• January 251: At the time of the Kofun period from about 250-538, Chinese chronicles already mentioned a kingdom of Yamato on the Japanese islands.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Conquest of the Japanese Island

Was the slow colonization of Japanese archipelago by the ethnically Yamato Japanese state.

• January 251: At the time of the Kofun period from about 250-538, Chinese chronicles already mentioned a kingdom of Yamato on the Japanese islands.
• January 701: Expansion of the Japanese Empire in the Japanese Archipelago by 700 AD.
• January 1201: Expansion of the Japanese Empire in the Japanese Archipelago by 1200 AD.
• January 1458: Koshamain's War: armed struggle between the Ainu and Wajin that took place on the Oshima Peninsula of southern Hokkaidō, Japan, in 1457. Escalating out of a dispute over a sword, Koshamain and his followers sacked twelve forts in southern Ezo, before being overcome by superior forces under Takeda Nobuhiro.
• January 1601: Expansion of the Japanese Empire in the Japanese Archipelago by 1600 AD.
• January 1673: Full control of the Japanese island of Hokkaido starting with the end of the Shakushain's revolt.
• January 1801: Expansion of the Japanese Empire in the Japanese Archipelago by 1800 AD.

2. Mongol invasions and conquests

Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.

2.1. Mongol Invasion of Japan

Were two unsuccesful campaigns by Kublai Khan of the Yuan dynasty in 1274 and 1281 to conquer the Japanese archipelago .

2.1.1. First Mongol Invasion of Japan

Was the first Mongol invasion of the Japanese Archipelago.

• November 1274: The Yuan invasion force set off from Korea on 2 November. Two days later they began landing on Tsushima Island.
• November 1274: The Yuan Dynasty secured control of Tsushima Island.
• November 1274: The Yuan fleet departed Tsushima on 13 November and attacked Iki Island. Kagetaka, the governor of Iki, gave a spirited defence with 100 samurai and the local armed populace before falling.
• November 1274: In 1274, the Mongolian army, led by Kublai Khan, attacked the base of the Sashi Clan on Hirato Island, Taka Island, and Nokono Island. This was part of the Yuan Dynasty's efforts to expand their territory in Japan.
• November 1274: The Yuan fleet crossed the sea and landed in Hakata Bay.
• November 1274: The Yuan troops withdrew and took refuge on their ships after only one day of fighting with the Japanese. A typhoon that night, said to be divinely conjured wind, threatened their ships, persuading them to leave Japan and return to Korea.

2.1.2. Second Mongol Invasion of Japan

Was the first Mongol invasion of the Japanese Archipelago.

• June 1281: The Eastern Route army set sail first from Korea on 22 May and attacked Tsushima Island on 9 June.
• June 1281: Iki Island conquered by Yuan Dynasty.
• June 1281: In 1281, during the Mongol invasions of Japan, the Eastern Route army led by Kublai Khan split their forces and attacked Hakata Bay and Nagato Province. The invasion force, unable to land, occupied the islands of Shiga and Noko, furthering their campaign against Japan.
• June 1281: The Mongolian army was again defeated by the fierce Japanese attacks on the Islands of Shiga and Noko.
• July 1281: In 1281, Ryōzōji Iekiyo, a powerful Japanese warrior, successfully repelled the Mongolian army from Iki Island. The Mongolian army retreated to Hirado Island.
• July 1281: In 1281, Ryōzōji Iekiyo, a Japanese samurai, successfully defended Iki Island against the Mongolian army during the Mongol invasions of Japan. This victory forced the Mongolian army to retreat to Hirado Island, marking a significant turning point in the conflict.
• August 1281: In 1281, during the Mongol invasions of Japan, the Japanese army, led by samurai generals like Kusunoki Masashige and Sasaki Takatsuna, took advantage of the disarray in the Mongol forces and launched a successful attack on the 100,000 soldiers left without commanders. This decisive move ultimately led to the repulsion of the Mongol forces from Japan.

3. Ōnin War

A civil war that lasted from 1467 to 1477, during the Muromachi period in Japan. A dispute between Hosokawa Katsumoto and Yamana Sōzen escalated into a nationwide civil war involving the Ashikaga shogunate and a number of daimyō in many regions of Japan.

• January 1468: The Onin war was a civil war that lasted from 1467 to 1477, during the Muromachi period in Japan. A dispute between Hosokawa Katsumoto and Yamana Sōzen escalated into a nationwide civil. During the war the two clans were de-facto independent entities.
• January 1468: The Ōnin War was a civil war that lasted from 1467 to 1477, during the Muromachi period in Japan. Katsumoto and Yamana Sōzen escalated into a nationwide civil war involving the Ashikaga shogunate and a number of daimyō in many regions of Japan.
• January 1478: At the end of the Onin war, Japan was again a united state.

4. Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598)

Were a series of military campaigns by Japan against the Joseon Dynasty of Korea.

• May 1592: Battle of Dadaejin.
• May 1592: Siege of Busanjin.
• May 1592: In the morning the Japanese First Division arrived at Dongnae eupseong.
• May 1592: Konishi Yukinaga, a Japanese daimyo and military commander, led the invasion of Korea in 1592. He captured Miryang, a strategic location, before advancing to Taegu, another important city in the region.
• May 1592: Japanese forces Captured the Miryang castle.
• May 1592: Joseon conquest of Gimhae castle.
• May 1592: The Japanese Second Division took the abandoned city of Tongdo.
• May 1592: The Japanese captured Gyeongju on May 30.
• June 1592: During the Imjin War in 1592, the Third Division of the Japanese military captured the Korean territories of Unsan, Changnyong, Hyonpung, and Songju. This was part of Japan's military occupation of Korea during this period.
• June 1592: Battle of Sangju.
• June 1592: Battle of Chungju.
• June 1592: Japanese forces captured Hanseong.
• July 1592: Battle of Imjin River.
• July 1592: The japanese First and Third Divisions entered the deserted city of Pyongyang.
• November 1592: Jinju is besieged by Japan.
• December 1592: Jinju is besieged by the Joseon dynasty.
• July 1593: Jinju is besieged by Japan.

4.1. Jeolla Campaign

Was a Japanese military campaign in Heolla (southwest Korea) during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598).

• July 1592: The Sixth Division, led by Japanese general Kobayakawa Takakage, marched through Geumsan in 1592 during the Japanese invasion of Korea. Kobayakawa secured the territory as part of Japan's military occupation of the region.
• July 1592: The Japanese began their march to Uiryong at Changwon, and arrived at the Nam River.
• August 1592: Battle of Ichi: The Koreans won this battle and stopped the Japanese army from advancing to the Jeolla province.
• September 1592: Battle of Ichi: The Koreans won this battle and stopped the Japanese army from advancing to the Jeolla province.

4.2. First Geumsan Campaign

Was a Japanese military campaign in Geumsan (southwest Korea) during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598).

• July 1592: Korean forces fought with a Japanese army retreating to Geumsan.

4.3. Gangwon campaign

Was a Japanese military campaign during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598). The Japanese army conquered large territories of central and eastern Korea.

• August 1592: The Japanese captured a series of fortresses along the eastern coast from Anbyon to Samcheok.
• November 1592: The Japanese finished the campaign by securing Chuncheon.
• November 1592: The Japanese turned inward to capture Jeongseon, Yeongwol, and Pyeongchang, and settled down at the provincial capital of Wonju.

4.4. Hamgyong campaign

Was a Japanese military campaign during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598). The Japanese army conquered large territories of northern and eastern Korea.

• August 1592: In 1592, Japanese forces led by the famous warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi crossed the Korean peninsula to Anbyon County. During their ten-day march, they captured several castles, including the strategic city of Hamhung.
• August 1592: In 1592, a battle took place at Songjin between the southern and northern Hamgyong armies led by Yi Yong. The territory of Kimchaek was under Japanese military occupation at the time.
• August 1592: Japanese troops easily captured Kilju County, Myongchon County, and Kyongsong County.

4.5. Chinese Intervention on the side of Korea

Was a counterattack by Korean forces with the support of Ming China against the Japanese invading army during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598).

• February 1593: Siege of Newcastle.
• February 1593: The Koreans retook Gaeseong.
• February 1593: Provinces of Hwanghae, Gyeonggi, and Gangweon conquered by Joseon dynasty.
• March 1593: Battle of Haengju.
• March 1593: Japanese adn Korean forces remained at a stalemate between the Kaesong to Hanseong line for the next couple of months.

4.6. Truce between China and Japan

Was a truce between Korea (backed by Ming China) and Japan during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598). The Japanese army retreated to the area around Busan (the southeastern tip of the Korean Peninsula).

• May 1594: By end of May 1594, all the Japanese soldiers had retreated to the area around Busan and many began to make their way back to Japan.

4.7. Japan's second invasion of Korea (1597)

Japan started a second military campaign to conquer Korea in 1597.

• August 1597: Battle of Chilcheollyang.
• September 1597: Siege of Namwon.
• October 1597: Battle of Hwangseoksan.
• October 1597: Battle of Jiksan.
• November 1597: Battle of Jiksan.
• February 1598: Ulsan is besieged by Japan.
• November 1598: Siege of Suncheon.
• November 1598: Battle of Sacheon.
• November 1598: Battle of Sacheon.
• December 1598: After the death of the Japanese daimyō Hideyoshi on September 18, 1598, the Council of Five Elders, in late October, issued orders for the withdrawal of all forces from Korea. Konishi, Shimazu, Katō Kiyomasa and other Japanese generals of the Left Army congregated in Pusan and withdrew to Japan on December 21.
• December 1598: The last japanese ships sailed to Japan bringing an end to seven years of war in Korea.

5. Invasion of Ryukyu

Was the Japanese invasion and occupation of the Ryukyu Islands.

5.1. Tokuno Island

Was the Japanese invasion of the Ryukyu Island.

• April 1609: Three Japanese ships arrived at Akitoku, and were attacked at the water's edge by the Akitoku people. However, the troops quickly fought back and killed 20-30 people.
• April 1609: The Japanese Satsuma fleet arrived at Akitoku (Tokuno Island).

5.2. Ryukyu Island

Was the Japanese invasion of the Tokuno Island.

• April 1609: The Japanese arrived at Nakijin Castle, founding it deserted.
• May 1609: The Satsuma ships entered Naha harbor, and immediately held peace talks at Oyamise.

6. Dutch-Portuguese War

Was a global conflict between the Portuguese Empire and the Dutch Empire. The conflict primarily saw the Dutch companies invading Portuguese colonies in the Americas, Africa, and the East Indies.

6.1. Operations in the Pacific and Indian Oceans

Were the military operations of the Dutch in the Pacific and Indian Oceans during the Dutch-Portuguese War.

• January 1640: The 1639 expulsion of the Jesuit order (Sakoku) and subsequently the Portuguese, from Nagasaki, also doomed the economic viability of Macau.

7. Colonization of the east

Were a series of military and exploration campaigns where Russia gradually extended into the territories of northeastern Asia.

• January 1698: The Tsardom of Russia expands into Kamchatka through the colonization or voluntary entry of Asian tribes and tribal unions.
• January 1783: Ainu tribal unions brought to Russian citizenship by 1782.
• February 1855: Under the treaty of 1855, the South Kuriles went to Japan.
• May 1875: The Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875) stipulated that Japan cedes to Russia the part of Sakhalin island it then owned in exchange for the group of the Kuril Islands owned by Russia. Japan thus acquired the northern Kuriles.

8. Boshin War

Was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a clique seeking to seize political power in the name of the Imperial Court.

• January 1868: The western domains of Satsuma, Chōshū and Tosa (in red) joined forces to defeat the shogunate forces at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi.
• February 1868: The Tokugawa-held Osaka Castle was captured by pro-Imperial "Kangun" forces led by Imperial loyalists such as Saigō Takamori and Ōkubo Toshimichi. This event marked a significant turning point in the Boshin War, ultimately leading to the collapse of the Tokugawa shogunate.
• March 1868: Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma.
• March 1868: Battle of Hokuetsu.
• May 1868: Battle of Utsunomiya Castle.
• July 1868: The city of Edo was fully under control of the Imperial Faction in July 1868.
• October 1868: Battle of Bonari Pass.
• November 1868: Battle of Aizu.
• November 1868: Battle of Noheji.
• January 1869: Following defeat on Honshū, Enomoto Takeaki fled to Hokkaidō with the remnants of the navy and his handful of French advisers. Together they organized a government, with the objective of establishing an independent island nation dedicated to the development of Hokkaidō. They formally established the Republic of Ezo on the American model, Japan's only ever republic.
• June 1869: Battle of Hakodate.

9. Gwanseo Peasant War (1811-1812)

Was an armed rebellion in Korea led by peasants and followers of the Donghak religion.

9.1. Second Revolt of the Gwanseo Peasant War (1811-1812)

Was the second revolt by peasants and followers of the Donghak religion.

• April 1895: After a number of battles, the rebel army was decisively defeated in the Battle of Ugeumchi, and the rebels were again defeated in the Battle of Taein. Hostility continued deep into the spring of 1895. The rebel leaders were captured in various locations in the Honam Region, and most were executed by a mass hanging in March.

10. Century of humiliation

A period (1839-1949) of foregin interventions in China resulting in the occupation, conquest or lease of large territories by foregin countries.

10.1. Concessions in China

During the XIX and XX century China was forced into treaties with foreign powers that established concessions (factually enclaves) in its territory.

• April 1895: China leases a concession in Tientsin to Japan.
• January 1898: Chongqing was one of the four ports specified to be opened to the Empire of Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki (17 April 1895).
• January 1898: Hangzhou was one of the four ports specified to be opened to the Empire of Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki (17 April 1895).
• January 1898: Suzhou was one of the four ports specified to be opened to the Empire of Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki (17 April 1895).
• July 1898: China leases a concession in Hankow to Japan.
• January 1899: One of the four ports specified to be opened to the Empire of Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki (17 April 1895).
• November 1914: The German Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory is occupied by Japan.
• August 1937: Japanese occupy Peiping.
• January 1938: The Japanese Concession in Chongqing was abandoned at the outbreak of Second Sino-Japanese War.
• October 1938: Japan temporarily evacuate its concession in Hankou.
• October 1938: Japanese occupy the Chinese city of Hankow.
• October 1940: Japanese military landing and occupation of Liugong Island on 1 October 1940.
• December 1941: The Japanese occupied the British Concession in Tianjin upon their declaration of war against Britain on 7 December 1941.
• December 1941: The Japanese occupy the International Settlement of Shanghai (but not the French concession).
• January 1943: Japanese occupation of Gulangyu Island began in 1942.
• April 1943: Vichy France retrocedes the French Concession in Tianjin to the Japanese.
• July 1943: Vichy France retrocedes the French Concession in Shanghai to the Japanese.
• September 1943: The Italian Concession in Tianjin is occupied by Japan.
• January 1944: Territorial change based on available maps.
• October 1945: U.S. Marines accept the surrender of Japanese troops in Tientsin.

10.2. Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)

Was a punitive expedition launched by the Japanese ostensibly in retaliation for the murder of 54 Ryukyuan sailors by Paiwan aborigines near the southwestern tip of Taiwan in December 1871.

• June 1874: Occupation of Taiwan by Japan.
• December 1874: In November 1874 the Japanese forces withdrew from Taiwan after the Qing government agreed to an indemnity of 500,000 Kuping taels, or about 18.7 tonnes silver.

10.3. Sino-Japanese Wars

Were two major wars between China and Japan in the XIX and XX centuries.

10.3.1. First Sino-Japanese War

Was a conflict between China and Japan primarily over influence in Korea.

10.3.1.1. Invasion of Korea

Was the Japanese invasion of Korea during the First Sino-Japanese War.

• June 1894: First of about 4,000 Japanese soldiers and 500 marines land at Jemulpo (Incheon).
• July 1894: In 1894, Japanese troops led by General Yasumasa Fukushima occupied Seoul during the First Sino-Japanese War. This military occupation marked the beginning of Japan's increasing influence and control over Korea.
• July 1894: Battle of Seonghwan.
• September 1894: Battle of Pyongyang (1894).
• October 1894: The city of Antung, the regional capital, was occupied the following day without any resistance and placed under Japanese civil administration.

10.3.1.2. Invasion of Mainland China

Was the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and Shandong during the First Sino-Japanese War.

• November 1894: Battle of Lushunkou.
• February 1895: Battle of Weihaiwei.
• March 1895: Battle of Yingkou.

10.3.1.3. Treaty of Shimonoseki

Was a treaty signed in Shimonoseki, Japan on April 17, 1895, between the Empire of Japan and Qing China, ending the First Sino-Japanese War.

• April 1895: The Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed on 17 April 1895 by representatives of the Qing Dynasty and the Empire of Japan. It marked the end of the First Sino-Japanese War and resulted in Korea being ceded to the Qing Dynasty.
• April 1895: They Qings ceded the Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan and Penghu Islands to Japan.

10.4. Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)

After the First Sino-Japanese War, Qing China had officially ceded the island of Taiwan to Japan. However, the people of Taiwan led by Chiu Feng-chia proclaimed an independent Republic, which caused the Japanese invasion, and ultimately its annexion, by Taiwan.

• May 1895: The Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed on 17 April 1895, and contained a clause requiring the cession of Taiwan and the Pescadores. When the news of the treaty's contents reached Taiwan, a number of notables from central Taiwan led by Chiu Feng-chia decided to resist the transfer of Taiwan to Japanese rule. On 23 May, these men proclaimed the establishment of a free and democratic Republic of Formosa.
• May 1895: The first troops of the Imperial Guards Division went ashore on the northern coast of Taiwan at Samtiao Point near the village of Audi.
• June 1895: The first major engagement in 1895 at Sui-hong (Ruifang) involved the Japanese Empire and the Chinese forces led by General Ye Zhichao. The defending Chinese forces were ultimately defeated in this battle, leading to the territory falling under Japanese control.
• June 1895: The Japanese captured the port city of Keelung.
• June 1895: The first Japanese troops entered Taipei at dawn.
• June 1895: In 1895, during the First Sino-Japanese War, 18 Japanese cavalry troopers led by General Goro Shiba advanced northwards from Taipei and occupied Tamsui, a strategic port town in northern Taiwan.
• June 1895: The Japanese captured Hsinchu with little trouble.
• August 1895: The Japanese columns were led by General Katsura Taro and General Nogi Maresuke. The resistance in Beipu was part of the wider conflict known as the Japanese invasion of Taiwan, which aimed to bring the island under Japanese control.
• August 1895: During the First Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese Empire, led by General Yamagata Aritomo, fought against Chinese insurgents in a significant battle on 8 and 9 August 1895 to capture the heights of Cha-pi-shan.
• August 1895: On 11 August the Japanese occupied Aulang.
• August 1895: On 14 August the Japanese entered Miaoli county.
• August 1895: Japanese occupation of the large village of Koloton.
• August 1895: The Japanese fought all day to clear the insurgents from their line of advance, but the village was not completely cleared until the morning of 26 August.
• August 1895: Battle of Baguashan.
• September 1895: Talibu was securely occupied by the Japanese.
• October 1895: Japanese at Yunlin.
• October 1895: A Japanese division fought the second-largest battle of the Taiwan campaign, the Battle of Chiayi.
• October 1895: In 1895, during the First Sino-Japanese War, 5,460 troops under the command of Prince Fushimi Sadanaru of the Japanese Empire landed at Po-te-chui in Budai.
• October 1895: The larger task force, 6,330 troops under the command of Lieutenant-General Nogi Maresuke, landed at Pang-liau (Fangliao).
• October 1895: The Japanese 17th Infantry Regiments landed at Pa-te-chui.
• October 1895: Battle of Chiatung.
• October 1895: Engagement between Japanese and Taiwanese forces near Kiu-sui-kei on 16 October.
• October 1895: Battle to capture the fortified village of Shau-lan.
• October 1895: The Japanese reached the village of Ji-chang-hang, only a few miles south of Tainan.
• October 1895: Tainan capitulated to the Japanese on 21 October.

10.4.1. Pescadores campaign (1895)

Was the Japanese military campaign to occupy the Pescadores islands during the Japanese Invasion of Taiwan.

• March 1895: After a naval bombardment of the Chinese forts, Japanese troops went ashore on Fisher Island and Penghu Island on 24 March, fought several brief actions with defending Chinese troops, and captured the Hsi-tai battery and Makung.

10.5. Boxer Rebellion

Was an anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising in China between 1899 and 1901. The rebels were known as the "Boxers" in English because many of its members had practiced Chinese martial arts, which at the time were referred to as "Chinese boxing".

10.5.1. Initial revolt of the Boxers

Was the revolt by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists (known as the "Boxers" by western countries) that started the Boxer Rebellion.

• June 1900: Thousands of boxers from the countryside converged on Tientsin, and on June 15, 1900, they rampaged through the walled city destroying Christian churches and killing Chinese Christians. On June 16, a mob of partially armed boxers advanced on the foreign settlements.

10.5.2. Eight Nations Alliance Invasion of China

Was the invasion of Qing China by the Eight-Nation Alliance (formed by the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Japan) during the Boxer Rebellion.

• July 1900: The international force captured Tianjin.

11. Russo-Japanese War

Was a war between the Japanese Empire and the Russian Empire over the control of Manchuria and Korea.

11.1. Occupation of Korea

Was the Japanese occupation of Korea during the Russo-Japanese War.

• March 1904: Japanese landing near Incheon in Korea.
• January 1905: From Incheon the Japanese occupied Hanseong.
• November 1905: The Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905 was signed between the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire in 1905. Negotiations were concluded on November 17, 1905. The treaty deprived Korea of its diplomatic sovereignty and made Korea a protectorate of Imperial Japan.

11.2. Occupation of Southern Manchuria

Was the Japanese invasion of Manchuria during the Russo-Japanese War.

• May 1904: Japanese troops take Chinchou and Dalny.
• June 1904: Russian troops abandon the critical Motien Pass to advancing Japanese forces.
• July 1904: Japanese forces take the village of Tashihchiao.
• July 1904: Russian forces are forced to abandon the village of Hsimucheng to advancing Japanese forces.
• August 1904: Advances of the Japanese 3rd Japanese Army in southern Manchuria by August 15th.
• October 1904: Battle of Shaho between Russian and Japanese forces.
• January 1905: Japanese forces besiege Port Arthur.
• March 1905: After their victory at the Battle of Mukden, the Japanese occupied all of southern Manchuria.

11.3. Invasion of Sakhalin

Was the Japanese invasion of Sakhalin during the Russo-Japanese War.

• July 1905: Japanese forces landed between Aniva and Korsakov.
• July 1905: The Japanese occupied Korsakov.
• July 1905: Japanese forces took the village of Vladimirovka (present-day Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).
• July 1905: A Japanese detachment landed at Cape Notoro.
• July 1905: Russian Colonel Arciszewski dug in to resist the Japanese, but was outflanked and forced to flee into the mountainous interior of Sakalin island. He surrendered with his remaining men on 16 July.
• July 1905: The Japanese landed in northern Sakhalin near Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinski. Because of the numerical and material superiority of the Japanese, the Russians withdrew from the city.
• July 1905: All the Russian forces in Sakhalin Island surrendered to the Japanese.

11.4. Treaty of Portsmouth

The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War. Manchuria was given back to Qing China. The southern portion of Sakhalin island was gained by Japan.

• September 1905: The former Russian leasehold of Kwantung on the Liaodong Peninsula with the naval port of Port Arthur fell to Japan.
• September 1905: The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War. Russia had to cede the south of the island of Sakhalin to Japan. Japanese forces evacuated the remaining occupied territories of Russia.
• September 1905: The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War. China gained Manchuria.

12. World War I

Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.

• July 1914: Japanese occupation of German Jiaozhou Bay.
• January 1920: The Versailles Treaty decided that Germany had to cede all colonies and thus also Kiautschou. The area remained under Japanese administration until 1922.

12.1. World War I Pacific Theatre

Was the Pacific theatre of World War I.

• October 1914: Japanese occupation of the Marshall islands.
• October 1914: During World War I, the Japanese Empire annexed Palau after seizing it from Germany in 1914.
• October 1914: Japanese occupation of the Northern Mariana islands.
• October 1914: Japanese occupation of the islands of modern-day Micronesia.

12.2. Aftermath of World War I

Were a series of treaties and military events that can be considered a direct consequence of World War I.

• June 1919: The South Seas Mandate was a League of Nations mandate in the "South Seas" given to the Empire of Japan by the League of Nations following World War I. The mandate consisted of islands in the north Pacific Ocean that had been part of German New Guinea.

13. Russian Civil War

Was a Civil War in Russia that involved varios factions but mainly the Bolsheviks and the conservative White Army in the core Russian territories, as well as a multitude of local secessionist states. At the end of war the Bolsheviks were victorious and established the Soviet Union.

13.1. Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War

Local independence movement caused several secessions and revolts during the Russian Civil War.

13.1.1. Pro-independence and White movements in the Russian Far East during the Russian Civil War

Were a series of revolts and secessions in the Russian Far East during the Russian Civil War.

• April 1920: When the Japanese evacuated the Trans-Baikal and Amur oblasts in the spring of 1920, a political vacuum resulted. The Far Eastern Republic was established comprising only the area around Verkhne-Udinsk.
• January 1926: Japan retained the northern half of Sakhalin Island until 1925, ostensibly as compensation for the massacre of about 700 civilians and soldiers at the Japanese garrison at Nikolaevsk-na-Amure in January 1920.

13.1.2. Japanese intervention in Siberia

Was the Japanese military occupation of territories in Siberia during the Russian Civil War.

14. Chinese Warlord Era

Was a period in the history of the Republic of China when control of the country was divided among former military cliques of the Beiyang Army and other regional factions.

• October 1922: Following resolution of the Shandong Problem, the Japanese Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory was returned to China on 10 December 1922.
• December 1922: Jiaozhou Bay is returned to China by Japan.

14.1. Northern Expedition

Was a military campaign launched by the Kuomintang to conquer whole China from the many warlords that controlled its various regions.

14.1.1. Jinan incident

Was a dispute between the Japanese army and the Kuomintang.

• May 1928: The Jinan incident began as a 3 May 1928 dispute between Chiang Kai-shek's National Revolutionary Army (NRA) and Japanese soldiers and civilians in Jinan, the capital of Shandong province in China, which then escalated into an armed conflict between the NRA and the Imperial Japanese Army.
• April 1929: The Japanese army occupied Jinan until March 1929.

15. World War II

Was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945 (it started sooner in certain regions) between the Axis Powers (mainly Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (mainly the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., the U.K., China and France). It was the war with more fatalities in history. The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. The war in Europe began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The war ended with the complete defeat of the Axis powers, which were occupied by the Allies.

15.1. World War II (Asia & Pacific)

Was the East Asian, South Asian and Pacific theatre of World War II.

• January 1942: D. João, Lapa and Montanha Islands are taken in 1941 by the Empire of Japan.
• April 1942: The Free Republic of Nias existed for less than a month until the island of Nias was fully occupied by Japanese troops.
• August 1942: Japanese troops occupied Nauru on 25 August 1942.
• August 1943: Japan handed over part of the Shan States of occupied British Burma to Thailand, which annexed the territories to the newly formed province of Saharat Thai Doem. With this acquisition, Thailand also gained a direct border with China.
• October 1943: In July 1943, Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo announced that Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, and Terengganu were to be returned to Thailand as part of the military alliance signed between Thailand and Japan on 21 December 1941. Thailand administered the states as Syburi, Palit, Kalantan and Trangkanu provinces from 18 October 1943.
• January 1944: Perlis was returned to Siam in World War II as a reward for Siam's alliance with Japan.
• February 1944: On January 31, 1944 American forces landed on Kwajalein atoll and U.S. Marines and Army troops later took control of the islands from the Japanese on February 3.
• September 1944: U.S. occupation of the islands of actual Micronesia.
• August 1945: Kelantan reverted to British occupation upon the end of World War 2 in August 1945.

15.1.1. Second Sino-Japanese War

Was a military conflict between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Theater of the Second World War.

15.1.1.1. Japanese invasion of Manchuria

The Japanese Army invaded Manchuria in 1931 following the Mukden Incident. At the end of the invasion in February 1932, the Japanese established the puppet state of Manchukuo.

15.1.1.1.1. Jinzhou Operation

Was an operation in 1931 during the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Japanese forces occupied Jinzhou on January 3, 1932.

15.1.1.1.2. Jiangqiao Campaign

Was an operation in 1931 during the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.

15.1.1.2. Defense of the Great Wall

Was a military campaign where Japan successfully captured the Inner Mongolian province of Rehe from the Chinese warlord Zhang Xueliang, and incorporated it into the newly created state of Manchukuo.

15.1.1.3. Actions in Inner Mongolia

Was a Japanese military campaign in Inner Mongolia, part of the Japanese invasion of northern China during the Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.3.1. Campaign of the Anti-Japanese Allied Army

Was a military offensive by the Kuomintang against the invading Japanese army in Inner Mongolia, during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.3.2. Suiyuan Campaign

Was a Japanese military campaign in the Suiyuan province of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.4. Full Scale Invasion of China (Second Sino-Japanese War)

Was the first Japanese campaign of the full scale invasion of China after the occupation of Manchuria, during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The campaign led to the military occupation of many important Chinese cities, including Shanghai, Nanjing and Kaifeng.

15.1.1.4.1. Battle of Shanghai

Was a battle between China and Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War resulting in the Japanese occupation of Shanghai.

15.1.1.5. Battle of Beiping-Tianjin

Was a series of battles of the Second Sino-Japanese War fought in the proximity of Beiping (now Beijing) and Tianjin.

15.1.1.6. Operation Chahar

Was a Japanese military operation against China that took place near Beiping during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.7. Battle of Taiyuan

Was a battle between China and Japan that took place in the Chinese region of Shanxi during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.7.1. Battle of Xinkou

Was a military engagement between China and Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.8. Tianjin-Pukou Railway Operation

Was a follow up operation to the Battle of Beiping-Tianjin of the Japanese army in North China at the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.9. Battle of Nanking

Was fought in early December 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army for control of Nanking (Nanjing), the capital of the Republic of China.

15.1.1.10. Beiping-Hankou Railway Operation

Was a follow up to the Battle of Beiping-Tianjin of the Japanese army in North China at the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.11. Battle of Xuzhou

Was a military engagement between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China in May 1938 during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.12. Amoy Operation

Was part of a campaign by Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War to prevent China from communicating with the outside world and importing needed arms and materials.

15.1.1.13. Battle of Wuhan

Was a large-scale battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War that took place in the area of Wuhan.

15.1.1.14. Hainan Island Operation

Was a Japanese military operation against China that took place in the area of Hainan during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.15. Battle of Nanchang

Was a military campaign fought around Nanchang, Jiangxi, between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and the Japanese Imperial Japanese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.16. Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang

Was a military engagement between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China in northern Hubei during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.17. Swatow Operation

Was a Japanese military operation against China that took place in the area of Shantou during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.18. Battle of Changsha (1939)

Was the first of four attempts by Japan to take the city of Changsha, Hunan, during the second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.19. Battle of South Guangxi

Was a military engagement between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China in southern Guangxi during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.20. 1939-40 Winter Offensive

Was a failed Japanese military operation against China that took place in central China during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.21. Battle of Wuyuan

Was a Chinese counterattack that defeated the Japanese invasion of the Wuyuan area.

15.1.1.22. Battle of Zaoyang-Yichang

Was a military engagement between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China forces in Hubei during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.23. Japanese invasion of French Indochina

Was the Japanese invasion and occupation of French Indochina.

15.1.1.23.1. Annexation of southern french indochina

Was the Japanese occupation of southern Indochina during World War II.

15.1.1.23.2. Japanese coup d'etat

Was the creation of the Empire of Vietnam, a short-lived puppet state of Imperial Japan during World War II.

15.1.1.23.3. French reconquest of Laos

Was the French reconquest of Laos from Japanese occupation at the end of World War II.

15.1.1.24. Battle of South Shanxi

Was a military engagement between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China in Shanxi during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.25. Battle of Changsha (1942)

Was a failed Japanese military operation against China that took place in the area of Changsha during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.26. Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road

Was a Chinese intervention to aid their British allies in the 1942 Japanese invasion of Burma.

15.1.1.26.1. Battle of Oktwin

Was one of the key battles in the Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road in the Burma Campaign of World War II and Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.26.2. Battle of Toungoo

Was one of the key battles in the Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road in the Burma Campaign of World War II and Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.26.3. Battle of Yenangyaung

Was one of the key battles in the Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road in the Burma Campaign of World War II and Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.27. Battle of Changde

Was a military engagement between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China in the area of Changde during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.28. Operation Ichi-Go

Was a major Japanese military operation in southern China during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.28.1. Battle of Changsha (1944)

Was an invasion of the Chinese province of Hunan by Japanese troops near the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.28.2. Battle of Guilin-Liuzhou

Was a battle between China and Japan that took place in Guangxi, during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.28.3. Battle of Mount Song

Was a Chinese military campaign against Japanese occupation in Yunnan, during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.29. Battle of West Hunan

Was the Japanese invasion of west Hunan and the subsequent Allied counterattack that occurred between 6 April and 7 June 1945, during the last months of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

15.1.1.30. Second Guangxi campaign

Was a Chinese counter offensive to retake the last major Japanese stronghold in Guangxi province, South China during April-August 1945.

15.1.2. Malayan Campaign

Was a military campaign of Japan against British Malaya that ended with the expulsion of the British forces from the area.

• December 1941: Japanese troops launched an amphibious assault on the northern coast of Malaya at Kota Bharu.
• December 1941: Kelantan was where the Japanese first landed during their invasion of Malaya, on 8 December 1941.
• December 1941: Perlis was occupied by Japan (Malay Federation) until 18 October 1943.
• December 1941: Japanese occupation of Malaya.
• December 1941: In World War II, Kedah (along with Kelantan) was the first region of Malaya to be invaded by Japan.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Yala.
• December 1941: Terengganu is occupied by Japan.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Jitra.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Krah.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Gurun.
• December 1941: The fortress of Penang is evacuated by British forces.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Sungei Patani.
• December 1941: During World War II, Penang was occupied by Japan on December 19, 1941.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Kuala Kongsar.
• December 1941: Perak is occupied by Japan.
• January 1942: The Japanese invaded the Dutch East Indies in 1941-42 and the Dutch administration on Sumbawa quickly broke down.
• January 1942: Japanese conquest of Lumut.
• January 1942: The Japanese invade Labuan Island.
• January 1942: Japanese conquest of Kuantan.
• January 1942: Pahang was occupied by Japan.
• January 1942: Selangor, Putraja and Kuala Lumpur are occupied by Japan.
• January 1942: Japanese conquest of Endau.
• January 1942: Japanese conquest of Malacca.
• January 1942: During World War II, Johor was occupied by Japan from January 31, 1942.
• February 1942: The Malayan Campaign of the Japanese ends with the surrender of Singapore.
• February 1942: End of the Malayan Campaign. Japanese forces control Malaysia.

15.1.3. Philippines campaign (1941-1942)

Was the invasion of the Philippines by the Empire of Japan during World War II.

15.1.3.1. Japanese occupation of Luzon and surrounding islands

Were the operations of the Japanese army in Luzon and surrounding islands during the invasion of the Philippines.

• December 1941: The Japanese 14th Army began its invasion with a landing on Batan Island (not to be confused with Bataan Peninsula), 190 km off the north coast of Luzon, on 8 December 1941.
• December 1941: Japanese Landings at Vigan, Aparri, and Gonzaga.
• December 1941: Japanese landings on Camiguin Island.
• December 1941: The Japanese landed 2,500 men of the 16th Division at Legazpi.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Uguegarao.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Olaoag.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Imugan.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of S. Fernando.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Lingayen.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Mauban.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Baguio.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of St. Jose.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Tarlag.
• December 1941: Japanese conquest of Cabanatuan.
• January 1942: Japanese conquest of Batangas.
• January 1942: Japanese conquest of Cavite.
• January 1942: Japanese conquest of Manila.
• April 1942: The American surrended at Bataan to the Japanese.
• May 1942: Fall of Corregidor to Japanese forces (6 May 1942).

15.1.3.2. Japanese occupation of Mindanao and surrounding islands

Were the operations of the Japanese army in Mindanao and surrounding islands during the invasion of the Philippines.

• December 1941: In the night between the 19th and 20th the island of Mindanao was also occupied, after resistance by the garrison.
• December 1941: The Japanese landed at Jolo, in the Sulu Archipelago, finding light resistence.

15.1.4. Japanese invasion of Thailand

Was the Japanese invasion of Thailand during World War II. Thailand and Japan then formed an alliance making Thailand part of the Axis alliance until the end of World War II.

• December 1941: A Japanese infantry company from the 1st Battalion of the 143rd Infantry Regiment landed from one troopship at the coastal village of Ban Don in the early hours of 8 December.
• December 1941: The Japanese 2nd Infantry Battalion of the 143rd Infantry Regiment under Major Kisoyoshi Utsunomiya landed at 03:00 from one troopship, and occupied Prachuap Khiri Khan after having crushed police resistance there.
• December 1941: Territories conquered by Japan in Thailand by 8 december
• December 1941: The Japanese 3rd Battalion of the Imperial Guards Regiment landed at Samut Prakan in the early hours of 8 December.
• December 1941: The Japanese 1st Infantry Battalion of the 143rd Infantry Regiment landed at Chumphon on the morning of 8 December.
• December 1941: To end the Japanese invasion, Thailand signed an armistice. The Japanese forces left the country but Thailand was forced to become an ally of Japan from 21 December 1941.

15.1.5. Gilbert and Marshall Islands Campaign

Were a series of battles fought from August 1942 through February 1944, in the Pacific theatre of World War II between the United States and Japan.

• December 1941: The Imperial Japanese Navy occupied the Gilbert Islands.
• November 1943: Battle of Makin and Battle of Tarawa on the Gilbert Islands.
• January 1944: U.S. invasion of Majuro Atoll. Atoll is secured without a fight.
• February 1944: On January 31, 1944 American forces landed on Kwajalein atoll and U.S. Marines and Army troops later took control of the islands from the Japanese on February 3.

15.1.6. Battle of Guam (1941)

Was the Japanese invasion of Guam, a U.S. territory in the Mariana Islands.

15.1.7. Battle of Guam (World War II)

Was the struggle over the control of Guam between Japanese and U.S. forces during World War II.

15.1.7.1. Battle of Guam (1944)

Was the American recapture of the Japanese-held island of Guam.

• July 1944: Frontline of the U.S liberation of Guam from Japanese occupation (1944).
• July 1944: Frontline of the U.S liberation of Guam from Japanese occupation (1944).
• July 1944: Frontline of the U.S liberation of Guam from Japanese occupation (1944).
• August 1944: Frontline of the U.S liberation of Guam from Japanese occupation (1944).
• August 1944: Frontline of the U.S liberation of Guam from Japanese occupation (1944).
• August 1944: Frontline of the U.S liberation of Guam from Japanese occupation (1944).
• August 1944: Frontline of the U.S liberation of Guam from Japanese occupation (1944).
• August 1944: American forces invaded Guam. By August 8th, organized Japanese resistance ended, and Guam was declared secure.

15.1.8. Battle of Borneo (1941-42)

Was a successful campaign by Japanese Imperial forces for control of Borneo island, which was a British (the northern part) and Dutch (the southern part) possession.

• December 1941: On December 15, Japanese troops landed, taking Miri, Seria and Lutong without great difficulty.
• December 1941: Japanese forces took control of Brunei in six days.
• December 1941: The Japanese occupy the Kuching area.
• December 1941: Allied troops retreated through the jungle to Singkawang, which fell in turn on 29 December.
• December 1941: On December 31, forces under Lt. Col. Watanabe advanced on Labuan and Jesselton.
• January 1942: Japanese force lands at Sandakan, British North Borneo.
• January 1942: British North Borneo is surrendered to Japanese at Sandakan
• April 1942: After ten weeks of resistance in the jungle, the Allied troops in Sarawak finally surrendered to the Japanese on April 1.

15.1.9. Battle of Wake Island

Was the military invasion by Japanese forces of Wake island, a U.S. possession.

• December 1941: Surrender of the American Garrison of Wake Island to the Empire of Japan.

15.1.10. Battle of Hong Kong

Was a Japanese military campaign against the British colony of Hong Kong that ended with Japanaese occupation.

• December 1941: Battle of Hong Kong. The British garrison of Hong Kong surrenders ot Japanese forces.

15.1.11. Dutch East Indies campaign

Was the conquest of the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) by forces from the Empire of Japan in the early days of the Pacific campaign of World War II.

• January 1942: Japanese invasion of Manado.
• January 1942: Japanese invasion of Tarakan.
• January 1942: The Japanese invasion forces move to Balikpapan.
• January 1942: Japanese conquest of Kendari.
• February 1942: Makassar conquered by japan.
• February 1942: Battle of Ambon: Japan invaded and conquered the island in a few days, facing Dutch, American and Australian forces.
• February 1942: After the conquest of Makassar Japan basically holds the entire Island of Sulawesi.
• February 1942: Battle of Banjarmasin.
• February 1942: The Malayan Campaign of the Japanese ends with the surrender of Singapore.
• March 1942: Bali fell to Japan in february.
• March 1942: Battle of Samarinda.
• March 1942: Japanese occupation of entire Sumatra completed.
• April 1942: The Japanese fought the British and Dutch, securing control of Borneo on April 1, 1942.

15.1.11.1. Battle of Java

Was the Japanese invasion of the island of Java, at the time part of the Dutch East Indies.

• March 1942: The Japanese Tanaka Unit occupied Tjepoe on 2 March.
• March 1942: The Japanese Kitamura Unit occupied Bodjonegoro.
• March 1942: Battle of Leuwiliang.
• March 1942: Buitenzorg was occupied by Japan.
• March 1942: The Japanese advanced rapidly and overcame all Dutch army defence found in Blora, Soerakarta, Bojolali, Djokjakarta, Magelang, Salatiga, Ambarawa and Poerworedjo.
• March 1942: Colonel Toshishige Shoji surrendered at the Isola Hotel in Lembang.
• March 1942: Keboemen and Purwokerto, north of Tjilatjap were captured by the Japanese. The Yamamoto Unit fanned out along the beach and mounted a two-pronged attack, entering Tjilatjap.
• March 1942: The Japanese Nasu Detachment pursued the Dutch through Tjiandjoer and (Tjimahi), entering the city.
• March 1942: The Japanese complete the conquest of Java and thereby gain control of the entire Durch East Indies.

15.1.12. Japanese conquest of Burma

Was a Japanese military campaign against British Burma that resulted in the Japanese occupation of the region.

15.1.13. Burma Campaign

Was the battle between the Japanese and British forces in Burma, during World War II.

• May 1944: British conquest of Ritpong area.
• June 1944: The 77th Brigade under Brigadier Michael Calvert, later assisted by Chinese forces of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, captured the town of Mogaung from the occupying forces of Imperial Japan.
• August 1944: Siege of Lichfield.

15.1.13.1. First Arakan Campaign

Was the first tentative Allied attack into Burma, following the Japanese conquest of Burma earlier in 1942, during the Second World War.

• December 1942: The 14th Indian Division advanced to Rathedaung and Donbaik.
• April 1943: British units in Burma retreated back almost to the Indian frontier.

15.1.13.2. Allied offensive in Arakan

Was an Allied offensive in Arakan against the Japanese occupation of Burma, during World War II.

• January 1944: The 5th Indian Division captured the small port of Maungdaw.

15.1.13.3. Operation U-Go

Was the Japanese offensive launched in March 1944 against forces of the British Empire in the northeast Indian regions of Manipur and the Naga Hills.

• March 1944: Japanese advance up to Imphal.
• April 1944: Japanese advance up to Kohima.
• June 1944: Battle of Kohima. The Japanese, reduced in many cases to a rabble, fell back to the Chindwin.
• July 1944: The Battle of Imphal took place in the region around the city of Imphal, the capital of the state of Manipur in northeast India from March until July 1944. The Japanese, reduced in many cases to a rabble, fell back to the Chindwin.

15.1.13.4. Allied reoccupation of Burma

Was an Allied offensive in Burma against the Japanese occupation, during World War II.

• December 1944: Bhamo was liberated on 15 December.
• January 1945: Two British African divisions converged on Myohaung near the mouth of the Kaladan River, cutting the supply lines of the Japanese troops in the Mayu Peninsula.
• January 1945: The Japanese evacuated Akyab Island on 31 December 1944.
• January 1945: British forces cleared the Myebon Peninsula.
• February 1945: During January, the Indian 19th Division and British 2nd Division cleared Shwebo.
• February 1945: The Indian 20th Division had a hard battle to take Monywa.
• February 1945: Battle of Ramree Island: it lasted for six weeks after the initial landings on 21 January by the 26th Indian Division before the survivors of the small but tenacious Japanese garrison withdrew from the island.
• February 1945: British forces reached Taungtha, halfway to Meiktila, by 24 February.
• March 1945: The Sikhs occupied Pagan without resistance.
• March 1945: British forces assault Meiktila.
• March 1945: British forces reached Lashio, which was captured on 7 March.
• March 1945: At Mandalay, British forces enter Fort Dufferin, finding that Japanese forces had withdrawn.
• March 1945: Myingyan was captured by British forces after four days' fighting from 18 to 22 March.
• April 1945: The British Fourteenth Armyseized Pyinmana. The town and bridge were captured before the Japanese forces could mount a defense.
• April 1945: British Indian Division reached the town of Toungoo.
• May 1945: The 26th Indian Division started to land as the monsoon began and took over Rangoon, which had seen an orgy of looting and lawlessness since the Japanese had left.

15.1.14. New Guinea Campaign

Was a military campaign that started when Japan invaded the island of New Guinea.

• February 1942: Battle of Rabaul.
• July 1942: The Japanese occupied the village of Gona, Territory of Papua.
• September 1942: By September 1942 most of New Guinea island is occupied by Japan.

15.1.14.1. Kokoda Track Campaign

A series of battles fought between July and November 1942 by the Japanese invaders and the Allies, in what was then the Australian Territory of Papua.

• January 1942: The Allies failed to neutralize the remaining Japanese positions near Sanananda.
• July 1942: Japanese clash with Australian Maroubra Force near Awala, forcing Australians back toward Wairopi.
• August 1942: Japanese forces occupy Kokoda.
• August 1942: Isolated and under attack, the Japanese withdrew from Kokoda during the night of 9 August.
• August 1942: Japanese attack Maroubra Force at Deniki in strength, forcing it back beyond Isurava, 5 miles from Deniki.
• September 1942: The Japanese consolidated their defensive position at Imita Ridge.
• October 1942: Australian forces advanced to Kokoda Trail, in the vicinity of Eora Creek, where fighting continued with the Japanese.
• November 1942: Australian 16th Brigade forces Japanese from Oivi toward Kumusi River mouth.
• December 1942: Gona is taken by the Australians. Japanese sustain heavy casualties while trying unsuccessfully to withdraw from Gona to Giruwa.
• January 1943: Australian forces capture Buna on 2 January 1943.

15.1.14.2. Battle of Wau

Was a battle between the Allies and the Japanese forces in the area of Wau, New Guinea, during World War II.

• March 1942: The Japanese landed on the Huon Gulf.

15.1.14.3. Japanese invasion of Dutch New Guinea

Was the Japanese invasion of the western part of New Guinea Island, at the time part of the Dutch East Indies.

• April 1942: Japanese conquest of Babo.
• April 1942: Hollandia conquered by japan.

15.1.14.4. Battle of Milne Bay

Was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II in the Australian Territory of Papua.

• August 1942: The Japanese had landed at Milne Bay on 25 August.
• September 1942: Australian forces defeat the Japanese who leave Milne Bay.

15.1.14.5. Markham and Ramu Valley - Finisterre Range campaign

Was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II in the Australian Territory of New Guinea.

• September 1943: Australian amphibious assault at Scarlet Beach.
• September 1943: Australian forces take Kaipit.
• October 1943: Battle of Dumpu.
• January 1944: Battle of Shaggy Ridge.
• April 1944: Australian forces enter Madang, from which enemy has withdrawn.

15.1.14.6. Salamaua-Lae campaign

Was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II in the Australian Territory of New Guinea.

• September 1943: The Japanese garrison at Salamaua withdrew and it was captured by Austrlian forces.
• September 1943: Australian forces continue to advance toward Lae.

15.1.14.7. Huon Peninsula campaign

Was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II in the Australian Territory of New Guinea.

• October 1943: The Australian army takes control of Finschhafen and its airfield.
• November 1943: Sattelberg falls to troops of Australian 9th Division.
• January 1944: US Army landing at Saidor.

15.1.14.8. New Britain campaign

Was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II in the Australian Territory of New Guinea.

• January 1944: Battle of Cape Gloucester.
• March 1944: Battle of Talasea.
• October 1944: Australian conquest of Cape Hoskins.
• December 1944: Japanese conquest of Bialla Plantation.
• December 1944: Australian conquest of Cape Koas.
• December 1944: Australian conquest of Sampun.
• January 1945: Australian conquest of Lolobau island, Ea Ea.
• January 1945: Australian conquest of Kiep.
• February 1945: Japanese conquest of Baia.
• February 1945: Australian conquest of Kalai.
• March 1945: Australian conquest of Tol.
• September 1945: Following the Surrender of Japan in 1945, civil administration of Papua and New Guinea was restored, and under the Papua New Guinea Provisional Administration Act (1945-46), Papua and New Guinea were combined in an administrative union.

15.1.14.9. Admirality Islands Campaign

Was a series of battles in the New Guinea campaign of World War II in which the United States Army's 1st Cavalry Division took the Japanese-held Admiralty Islands.

• March 1944: Australian advances during the Admirality Admirality Islands Campaign by March 6.
• March 1944: Australian advances during the Admirality Admirality Islands Campaign by March 7.
• March 1944: Australian advances during the Admirality Admirality Islands Campaign by March 8.
• March 1944: Australian advances during the Admirality Admirality Islands Campaign by March 9.
• March 1944: Austrlian conquest of Butjuo Luo Islands.
• March 1944: Australian conquest of Lugos.
• March 1944: Australian advances during the Admirality Admirality Islands Campaign by March 16.
• March 1944: Australian advances during the Admirality Admirality Islands Campaign by March 17.
• March 1944: Austrlian forces overrun Lorengau.
• March 1944: Australian conquest of Rossum.
• May 1944: The Admirality Islands Campaign is officially terminated by the Austrlian Sixth Army. The Islands are fully occupied.

15.1.14.10. Western New Guinea campaign

Was a battle between the Allies and the Japanese forces in Western New Guinea, a Dutch territory under Japanese occupation.

• April 1944: In Operation Persecution, the 163rd Regimental Combat Team- detached from the U.S. 41st Infantry Division - and the No. 62 Works Wing of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) simultaneously landed at Aitape.
• April 1944: In Operation Reckless the U.S. 24th and the 41st Infantry Divisions landed at Tanahmerah and Humboldt bays.
• August 1944: Battle of Biak.
• August 1944: The American Sixth Army, declares Sansapor operation terminated. Sansopor is occupied by American forces.
• August 1944: Noemfoor is occupied by American forces.
• October 1944: Morotai is occupied by American forces led by General Krueger.

15.1.15. Solomon Islands campaign

Was the battle between the Japanese Empire and the Allies in the Solomon Islands.

15.1.15.1. Japanese Invasion of the Solomon Islands

Japanese forces occupied the Solomon Islands in January 1942.

• February 1942: Japanese forces occupied the Solomon Islands in January 1942.
• May 1942: Japanese forces occupied Tulagi and nearby islands.
• June 1942: The Japanese Navy established small garrisons on the other northern and central Solomon Islands.

15.1.15.2. Operation Cleanslate

Was the occupation of Russell Islands about sixty miles northwest of Guadalcanal by the United States.

• February 1942: Unopposed Japanese seizure of the Russell Islands (Operation Cleanslate).

15.1.15.3. Guadalcanal Campaign

Was an Allied offensive against Japanese forces on the island of Guadalcanal and surrounding areas.

• August 1942: A British landing force split into two groups, with one group assaulting Guadalcanal, and the other Tulagi, Florida, and nearby islands.
• August 1942: The Marines secured the island of Tulagi and nearby islets.
• September 1942: British gains on the front line after the battle of Edson Ridge.
• October 1942: a force of Marines successfully crossed the Matanikau River.
• October 1942: Front line on the Solomon Islands by 23 october (Battle of henderson field).
• November 1942: Japanese forces are defeated on the coast at Point Cruz.
• November 1942: Allied forces land at Aola Bay.
• January 1943: The Allies renewed the offensive on 10 January, reattacking the Japanese on Mount Austen, capturing it on January 23rd.
• February 1943: The Japanese evacuate the remaining forces from Guadalcanal. As resistence ends, Guadalcanal is occupied by Allied forces.

15.1.16. Battle of Timor

Was the Japanese invasion and occupation of Dutch Timor and Portuguese Timor during World War II.

• February 1942: On the night of 19/20 February 1,500 troops from the Imperial Japanese Army's 228th Regimental Group, 38th Division, XVI Army, under the command of Colonel Sadashichi Doi, began landing in Dili.
• February 1942: Surrender of Usua to the Japanese.
• August 1942: The Japanese secured the central town of Maubisse and the southern port of Beco.
• February 1943: Last Australian and Portuguese forces evacuated Timur.

15.1.17. Japanese Invasion of Christmas Island

Japanese occupation of Christmas Island during World War II.

• April 1942: Battle of Christmas Island: Because of a mutiny by Indian soldiers against their British officers, Japanese troops were able to occupy Christmas Island without any resistance.

15.1.18. Aleutian Islands Campaign

Was a military campaign conducted by the United States, Canada, and Japan in the Aleutian Islands, part of the Territory of Alaska, in the American Theater and the Pacific Theater of World War II.

• June 1942: Japanese invade western Aleutians, landing some 1,800 men on Attu and Kiska.
• June 1942: Japanese invade western Aleutians, landing some 1,800 men on Attu and Kiska.
• May 1943: The U.S. 7th Division defeats the Japanese forces on Attu, which is liberated.
• August 1943: The Americans and Canadians executed an unopposed landing on Kiska on 15 August, securing the island and ending the Aleutian Islands campaign.

15.1.19. Operation Cartwheel

Was a major military operation of the Allies in the Pacific theatre of World War II. Cartwheel was an operation aimed at neutralising the major Japanese base at Rabaul.

• June 1943: Allied forces land unopposed at Segi Point (New Georgia).
• June 1943: Unopposed allied landings on Woodlark and Kiriwina Islands.
• June 1943: New Georgia Island is occupied by Australian and American forces. Scattered Japanese forces remain on the interior of the island.
• July 1943: Allied forces attack Rendova where now most of Japanese forces are concentrated.
• August 1943: Allied forces land on Arundel at the southern tip of Nauro Peninsula without opposition.
• October 1943: Battle of Vella Lavella. U.S. forces engage Japanese naval forces and take Vella Lavella.
• October 1943: British raid on Choiseul.
• November 1943: Japanese raid on Choiseul - retreat of the allied forces.
• November 1943: Battle of the Treasury Islands. New Zealand 3rd Division, completes elimination of small enemy garrison on Mono.
• March 1944: Allied landing on Emirau.

15.1.19.1. Bougainville campaign

Was a series of land and naval battles of the Pacific campaign of World War II between Allied forces and the Empire of Japan on the Island of Bougainville and its surroundings.

• November 1943: At 7:30 a.m. on November 1, Rear Admiral Theodore S. Wilkinson's Task Force 31 began landing Gen. Allen H. Turnage's 3rd Marine Division in Empress Augusta Bay in the Cape Torokina sector.
• November 1943: The bulk of the US 73rd Division landed in Empress Augusta Bay.
• December 1944: The Australians captured Pearl Ridge in December 1944.
• August 1945: The last Japanese forces on Bougainville also surrendered as their country had six days earlier.

15.1.20. Allied operations in Malysia

Were a series of events and battles that took place in modern-day Malaysia after its occupation ba the Japanese Empire.

• October 1943: In July 1943, Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo announced that Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, and Terengganu were to be returned to Thailand as part of the military alliance signed between Thailand and Japan on 21 December 1941. Thailand administered the states as Syburi, Palit, Kalantan and Trangkanu provinces from 18 October 1943.
• September 1945: Borneo placed under a military administration on the Japanese capitulation in 1945.
• September 1945: The British recaptured Singapore, with the Japanese garrison on the island surrendering on 12 September.
• September 1945: Formal surrender by Japan in the Straits Settlements to British Military Administration.
• September 1945: Following the end of the war, Johor was placed under Great Britain's military occupation.
• September 1945: After the Singapore surrender, British forces reached Kuala Lumpur, where the Commander of the Japanese 29th Army surrendered.

15.1.21. Mariana and Palau Islands campaign

Was an offensive launched by United States forces against Imperial Japanese forces in the Mariana Islands and Palau in the Pacific Ocean between June and November 1944 during the Pacific War.

• July 1944: Battle of Saipan: American forces occupy the Island.
• August 1944: Tinian is occupied by American forces.
• August 1944: At the end of August 1944, the Mariana Islands were in Allied hands.
• October 1944: American forces overcome Japanese opposition on Angaur.
• November 1944: Japanese resistance in Peleliu (Palaus Islands) ends.

15.1.22. Philippines campaign

Was the American, Mexican, Australian and Filipino campaign to defeat and expel the Imperial Japanese forces occupying the Philippines during World War II.

15.1.22.1. Battle of Leyte

Was the amphibious invasion of the island of Leyte in the Philippines, occupied by Japan at the time, by American forces.

• October 1944: The U.S. Sixth Army, supported by naval and air bombardment, landed on the favorable eastern shore of Leyte.
• December 1944: American avances during the Battle of Ormoc Bay.
• December 1944: U.S. liberation of Irpil.
• December 1944: U.S. liberation of Ormoc.
• December 1944: U.S. liberation of Valencia.
• December 1944: U.S. liberation of Paolompon.
• December 1944: U.S. conquest of the barrio of Tibur.
• December 1944: U.S. liberation of San isidoro.
• December 1944: U.S. liberation of Villaba.
• December 1944: U.S. liberation of Tabango.
• December 1944: The Japanese evacuated Leyte island.

15.1.22.2. Battle of Mindoro

Was a battle in World War II between forces of the United States and Japan, in Mindoro Island in the central Philippines.

• December 1944: American forces invade Mindoro.

15.1.22.3. Battle of Luzon

Was a land battle of the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II by the Allied forces of the U.S., its colony the Philippines, and allies against forces of the Empire of Japan.

• January 1945: American landings at the Lingayen Gulf on 9 January .
• January 1945: American advance up to Clark Field and Fort Stotsenburg by January 31th.
• February 1945: American forces conclude operations on the Bataan Peninsula, which is fully occupied.
• March 1945: American forces conclude operations in Manila, clearing the area.
• June 1945: The Bessang Pass fall at the hands of the United States Army Forces in the Philippines - Northern Luzon (USAFP-NL) on June 14, 1945.

15.1.22.4. Battle of the Mindanao

Was a battle fought by the Americans and allied Filipino guerrillas against the Japanese forces on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. It was part of the campaign to liberate the Philippines during World War II.

• March 1945: The American 41st Division troops quickly captured Zamboanga.
• March 1945: After an heavy fight, the center of the Japanese line in the Zamboanga peninsula broke.
• April 1945: American amphibious operation to secure Malabang-Parang-Cotabato area of Mindanao.
• April 1945: By 22 April, the Allies took the position in Jolo after hard fighting and the rest of the Japanese troops fled and held out in the west for another two months.
• April 1945: Upon reaching Digos, the Americans quickly overwhelmed the defending Japanese.
• May 1945: On 3 May, the U.S. 31st Division reached Kibawe.
• May 1945: U.S. Eight Army clears Malaybalay-Kalasungay region.
• June 1945: Battle of Davao.
• July 1945: Allied units seized Sarangani and Balut islands.

15.1.22.5. Battle of the Visayas

Was a battle fought by the Americans and allied Filipino guerrillas against the Japanese forces in the Visayas region in the Philippines. It was part of the campaign to liberate the Philippines during World War II.

• March 1945: Within two weeks of aerial bombardment on Japanese positions, the 40th Infantry Division, spearheaded by the 185th Infantry Regiment landed unopposed at Tigbauan district, in southern Panay.
• March 1945: Guimaras and Inampulagan islands, between Panay and Negros, were freed on the same day Iloilo fell, 20 March and the next day, respectively with no opposition.
• March 1945: On Talisay Beach, 6.5 km west of Cebu City, the 182nd Infantry and 132nd Infantry landed on 26 March 1945.
• March 1945: The U.S. Eighth Army seizes Cebu City.
• March 1945: U.S. Eighth Army captured Bacolod City.
• April 1945: The coastal plain of Negros was in Allied hands.
• April 1945: Japanese retreat from southern Cebu.
• May 1945: Major combat operations continued in Dumuguate until 28 May 1945, when the Japanese positions fell and Filipino guerrillas assumed control.
• June 1945: By 4 June, the Japanese began a general withdrawal, retreating further into the unexplored mountains of Negros.
• August 1945: Negros Island was liberated from Japanese occupation.

15.1.23. Volcano and Ryukyu Islands campaign

Was an Allied military campaign in the Volcano Islands and Ryukyu Islands during World War II.

• March 1945: After a final attack by Japanese forces, Iwo Jima is captured and occupied. At 08:00 of 26 March 1945 American General Chaney assumes title of Island Commander.
• June 1945: U.S. Tenth Army completes capture of Okinawa.

15.1.24. Borneo Campaign

Was the last major Allied campaign in the South West Pacific Area during World War II to liberate Japanese-held British Borneo and Dutch Borneo.

• June 1945: Battle of Tarakan.

15.1.24.1. Battle of North Borneo

Was a series of Allied amphibious landings in North Borneo to clear North Borneo from Japanese forces.

• June 1945: Brunei conquered by great britain.
• June 1945: Another landing was made by Allied forces on Borneo at Weston.
• June 1945: The British secured Limbang.
• June 1945: Minor allied landings were made at Mempakul on 19 June.
• June 1945: Uopposed British landing at Lutongù.
• June 1945: Sabang conquered by great britain.
• June 1945: Kuala Belait was reached by British forces on 24 June.
• June 1945: Battle of Beaufort.
• July 1945: By 12 July British forces occupied Papar.
• July 1945: During July, guerrillas assigned to Operation Semut captured Marudi from the Japanese.
• July 1945: Battle of Balikpapan.

15.1.25. Japanese Surrender (World War II)

Were the evacuation of the Japanese forces from occupied territories after the formal surrender of the Empire of Japan.

• August 1945: After the dropping of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan accepts the Allied unconditional surrender terms (14 August 1945). Japanese forces leave occupied territories.
• August 1945: Japanese Taiwan and the Spratly Islands are placed under the authority of China.
• August 1945: After the dropping of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan accepts the Allied unconditional surrender terms (14 August 1945). The Japanese archipelago was effectively placed under the authority of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers.
• August 1945: The Kwantung Leased Territory was occupied by the Soviet Union.
• August 1945: The Thai army evacuated Saharat Thai Doem (territories of British Burma it had received from Japan in 1943) in August 1945.
• August 1945: After the dropping of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan accepts the Allied unconditional surrender terms (14 August 1945). Japanese forces leave occupied territories.
• August 1945: Hong Kong is re-occupied by the Royal Navy after Japanese surrender.
• September 1945: Japanese Surrender in the Solomon Islands.
• November 1945: In October 1945, British HMS Rother re-occupied Christmas Island.
• February 1946: After World War II, the Soviet Union gained control of the southern part of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands from Japan. This territorial transfer was confirmed in the Treaty of San Francisco in 1951.

15.1.26. Soviet-Japanese War

Was a conflict during World War II that started when Soviet forces invaded the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.

15.1.26.1. Invasion of South Sakhalin

Was the Soviet invasion of the Japanese portion of Sakhalin Island during World War II.

• August 1945: Keton conquered by russia.
• August 1945: Toro conquered by russia.
• August 1945: Maoka conquered by russia.
• August 1945: Tayohara conquered by russia.
• August 1945: Otomari conquered by USSR.

15.1.26.2. Soviet invasion of Manchuria

Was the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.

• August 1945: The Red Army forces were able to break through the hastily organized Japanese defenses and capture the city of Mutanchiang.
• August 1945: The Mengjiang area was conquered by the Red Army and its Mongol allies, and Hohhot was quickly taken.
• August 1945: The Red Army took Mukden, Xinjing and Qiqihar on August 20.

15.1.26.3. Seishin Operation

Was an amphibious assault on northern Korea between 13-17 August 1945, carried out by the forces of the Soviet Union.

• August 1945: The Soviet 13th Naval Infantry brigade (in total 181 men under command of Colonel A. Z. Denisin) entered the city of Chongjin.

15.1.26.4. Invasion of the Kuril Islands

Was the World War II Soviet military operation to capture the Kuril Islands from Japan in 1945.

• August 1945: Shimushu conquered by russia.
• August 1945: Paramushiru conquered by russia.
• August 1945: Matsuwa conquered by russia.
• August 1945: Etorufu conquered by russia.
• August 1945: Uruppu conquered by russia.
• September 1945: Kunashiri conquered by russia.
• September 1945: Shikotan conquered by russia.

15.2. End of World War II in Europe

Refers to the surrender of Axis forces and the end of World War II and to the territorial changes that were a direct consequence of World War II but happened after the traditional end of the War.

15.2.1. The Surrender of Japanese forces

Surrender of Japanese forces at the end of World War II.

• September 1945: The Japanese garrison in Penang surrenders.
• September 1945: The Japanese commander in the Philippines, Gen. Yamashita, surrendered to Gen. Wainwright at Baguio.
• September 1945: Wake island was held by the Japanese for the duration of the Pacific War theater of World War II; the remaining Japanese garrison on the island surrendered to a detachment of United States Marines on 4 September 1945.
• September 1945: The remaining Japanese forces in China surrender.
• September 1945: Japanese in Sarawak surrender.
• September 1945: Nauru was finally set free from the Japanese.
• January 1946: D. João, Lapa and Montanha Islands were restored to China in 1945.

16. Allied withdrawals after World War II

Was a series of withdrawals from territories occupied by the Allies during World War II in the aftermath of the war.

16.1. Division of Korea between USA and URSS

Was the occupation and subsequent partition of Japanese-held Korea by the USSR and the USA.

• August 1945: USSR declares war on Japan on 8 August. Some days after the declaration, Soviet troops move into Korea.
• September 1945: US Lieutenant General John R. Hodge arrived in Incheon to accept the Japanese surrender south of the 38th Parallel.

16.2. U.S. withdrawal from Japan

Was the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Japan, which was militarly occupied at the end of World War II.

• April 1952: Operation Blacklist was the codename for the Allied occupation of Japan following World War II. The San Francisco Peace Treaty, signed by 48 countries including Japan, officially ended the occupation on April 28, 1952.
• April 1952: Operation Blacklist was the codename for the military occupation of Japan by the USA following World War II. The San Francisco Peace Treaty, signed by historical figures such as Mamoru Shigemitsu and John Foster Dulles, officially ended the occupation on April 28, 1952.
• June 1968: Ogasawara Islands (Bonin and Volcano Islands) and Minamitorishima (Marcus Island) were given to Japan as part of Tokyo prefecture.
• June 1971: Okinawa was under US authority until the Okinawa Reversion Agreement.
• May 1972: The United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands ended in 1972 and the islands were handed over ot Japan.

17. Chinese Civil War

Was a civil war fought in China between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party. The war continued intermittently for more than twenty years, and overlappes with the Second Sino-Japanese War that started in 1937 with the Japanese occupation of Manchuria. The Communists gained control of mainland China and established the People's Republic of China in 1949, forcing the leadership of the Kuomintang-led Republic of China to retreat to the island of Taiwan.

17.1. Second Phase (Chinese Civil War)

Was the second phase of the Chinese Civil War. The war had been interrupted by the Japanese invasion of China in 1937. After the defeat of Japan in World War II, the Chinese Civil War resumed in 1945.

• August 1945: Battle of Baoying.
• August 1945: Battle of Yongjiazhen.
• August 1945: Battle of Wuhe.
• August 1945: Battle of Yinji.
• September 1945: The Japanese garrison of Rizhao abandoned the city and the communist victory was completed.

17.1.1. Southern Jiangsu Campaign

Were a 1945 series of battles fought at the Southern Jiangsu and adjacent regions in Anhui and northern Zhejiang between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Red Army.

• August 1945: The 1st Column of the communist Jiangsu - Zhejiang Military Region attacked Jintan and Liyang, and annihilated the defenders consisted of a detachment of Japanese troops and two regiments of former nationalists turned Japanese puppet regime force in the process.

17.1.2. Huaiyin-Huai'an Campaign

Was a battle between the Kuomintang and the Red army during the Chinese Civil War. The communists took the city of Huaiyin and the city of Huai'an.

• August 1945: After fierce battles that lasted four days from August 27, 1945 - August 31, 1945, all nationalist positions outside the city wall had fallen into the enemy hands and the city of Huaiyin was surrounded.
• September 1945: Last Japanese resistance in Huaiyin ended at 5:30 AM.

17.1.3. Xinghua Campaign

Was a battle between the Kuomintang and the Red army during the Chinese Civil War that took place in Hinghwa, Jiangsu.

• September 1945: After fierce street fighting, the city of Xinghua fell into communist hands.

17.1.4. Zhucheng Campaign

Was a battle between the Kuomintang and the Red army during the Chinese Civil War that took place in Shandong.

• September 1945: By 8:15 PM, communists declared the town of Gaomi was secured after capturing over 2,100 defenders alive.

17.1.5. Pingdu Campaign

Was a battle between the Kuomintang and the Red army during the Chinese Civil War that took place in Shandong.

• September 1945: In the early morning of 8 September 1945, Japanese troops fled the city to Gaomi, and the nationalists fought on until 7:00 AM when the city finally fell.

18. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

• January 301: Nakoku conquered by Japanese Empire.
• January 401: Kibi was eventually annexed by the Japanese Empire in 400.
• January 1489: Kaga ikki was a theocratic feudal confederacy that emerged in Kaga Province. The Kaga ikki was a faction of the Ikkō-ikki, mobs of peasant farmers, monks, priests, and jizamurai.
• January 1551: In 1550, the Portuguese established a trading post in Hirado, Japan.
• January 1562: The Portuguese trading post in Hirado operated from 1550 to 1561.
• January 1572: In 1571 a Portuguese trading post is established at Nagasaki.
• January 1583: Kaga ikki is overrun by the forces of Oda Nobunaga in a series of campaigns lasting from 1573 to 1582.
• September 1609: Dutch factory established at Hirado by the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The factory was subordinated to Java.
• July 1613: In June 1613, the English East India Company established a trading post in Hirado, Japan.
• January 1624: The English East India Company established a trading post at Hirado in June 1613, which operated until December 1623.
• January 1637: Portuguese trading post established in Deshima.
• January 1640: In 1639 the Shogun exiles the Portuguese from Japan.
• June 1641: In 1641, the Dutch East India Company moved ist Japanese factory from Hirado to Deshima Island in the Nagasaki Bay.
• January 1854: Japanese colonists began moving to the Bonin Islands and Nanpō Islands in 1853 and Japan claimed the islands in 1861, annexing them in 1891 as part of Tokyo Prefecture.
• February 1860: Deshima is abandoned by the Dutch.
• January 1873: In 1872, Emperor Meiji unilaterally declared the Ryukyu Kingdom annexed to Japan.
• January 1890: The Volcano Islands were uninhabited until 1889 when the two northern islands were settled by Japanese settlers from the Izu Islands. They were officially annexed by Japan in 1891.
• October 1897: Establishment of the Korean Empire.
• January 1908: Pratas Island was occupied by Japan in 1907.
• January 1910: In 1909 Japan left Pratas island.
• August 1910: In 1910 Korea was fully annexed by the Japanese Empire.
• January 1940: And from 1939 to 1945 the Pratas Islands were occupied by Japan.

Selected Sources

• British Land and Air Dispositions, 7 December 1941 and Japanese Centrifugal Offensive Dec.1941 - Jan. 1942 . United States Military Academy West Point. Retrieved on March, 26th, 2024 on https://www.westpoint.edu/sites/default/files/inline-images/academics/academic_departments/history/WWII%20Asia/ww2%2520asia%2520map%252007.jpg
• Cannon, M. H. (1993): Leyte: The return to the Philippines, Washington D.C. (USA), p. 278
• Cannon, M. H. (1993): Leyte: The return to the Philippines, Washington D.C. (USA), p. 329
• Cannon, M. H. (1993): Leyte: The return to the Philippines, Washington D.C. (USA), p. 348
• Cannon, M. H. (1993): Leyte: The return to the Philippines, Washington D.C. (USA), p. 355
• Cannon, M. H. (1993): Leyte: The return to the Philippines, Washington D.C. (USA), p. 356
• La conquête de l'archipel par les Japonais, larousse.fr. Retrieved on February 16th, 2021 on https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/images/La_conqu%C3%AAte_de_larchipel_par_les_Japonais/1011363
• Lohnstein, M. (2021): The Netherlands East Indies Campaign 1941–42: Japan's Quest for Oil, London (UK), p. 45
• MacArthur, D. (1994): Reports of General MacArthur: The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific. Volume 1, Center of Military History (Retrieved on https://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/), p. 139
• Military Intelligence Division - U.S. War Department (1945): Merrill's Marauders (February-May 1944), Washington D.C (U.S.A.), p. 101
• Seonjo Revised Annals April, 26th year of King Seonjo (『宣祖修正実録』宣祖26年4月条)
• U.S. Army Center of Military History. Retrieved on March, 26th, 2024 on https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/MacArthur%20Reports/MacArthur%20V1/Images/p_004.jpg
• U.S. Army Center of Military History. Retrieved on March, 26th, 2024 on https://history.army.mil/brochures/westpac/p22-23(map).jpg
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 12
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 14
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 188
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 194
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 219
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 227
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 27
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 28
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 30
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 339
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 388
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 4
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 408
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 434
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 443
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 446
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 455
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 464
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 488
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 499
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 511
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 519
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p. 9
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.112
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.114
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.115
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.116
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.127
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.130
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.133
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.135
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.136
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.138
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.139
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.143
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.146
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.149
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.15
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.159
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.16
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.167
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.168
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.17
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.181
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.185
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.22
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.246
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.25
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.251
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.260
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.295
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.308
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.31
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.32
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.34
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.347
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.35
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.354
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.36
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.370
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.40
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.417
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.423
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.457
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.47
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.48
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.49
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.51
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.539
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.54
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.548
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.551
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.58
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.59
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.6
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.63
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.65
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.7
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.73
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.8
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.81
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, p.91
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, pp. 455-456
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, pp.148-149
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, pp.240-241
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, pp.36-37
• Williams, M.H. (1989): United States army in World War II - Special Studies - Chronology 1941-1945, pp.52-53
• 応仁の乱（読み）おうにんのらん. Koto Bank. Retrieved on 5 April on https://kotobank.jp/word/応仁の乱-38826