Russian Civil War

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Was a Civil War in Russia that involved varios factions but mainly the Bolsheviks and the conservative White Army in the core Russian territories, as well as a multitude of local secessionist states. At the end of war the Bolsheviks were victorious and established the Soviet Union.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

December 1917: The Bolsheviks took over Turkestan.
December 1917: The Alash Autonomy was proclaimed during the Second All-Kazakh Congress held at Orenburg from 5-13 December 1917 OS (18-26 NS), with a provisional government being established.
September 1917: Russia is declared a republic.
August 1918: The Provisional Regional Government of the Urals was an anti-Bolshevik provisional government, created in Yekaterinburg on August 13 or 19, 1918, which controlled the Perm Governorate.
May 1918: The last Swedes retreated from the Åland Islands on 26 May 1918.
November 1919: During the Russian Civil War, the Uryankhay Krai was occupied by China.
March 1918: On 28 February, a naval unit of the battleships SMS Westfalen and SMS Rheinland, commanded by the admiral Hugo Meurer, left Danzig to Åland. The following day, the Swedes were forced to make a deal with the Germans. According to the agreement, Sweden and Germany now shared the Åland Islands.
October 1920: The Bukhara People's Soviet Republic was a short-lived Soviet state that governed the former Emirate of Bukhara during the years immediately following the Russian Revolution.
February 1921: Creation of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic.
December 1920: With the Peace Treaty of Tartu, the Republic of North Ingria was re-integrated into Russia.
March 1918: The Idel-Ural State, which included only some sections of Kazan, was defeated by the Red Army.
October 1918: The Provisional Regional Government of the Urals was abolished in October 1918.
January 1918: With the help of the Kiev Arsenal Uprising, the Bolsheviks captured the city.
February 1918: The Kuban People's Republic was proclaimed by the Kuban Rada on 28 January 1918 and declared its independence on 16 February.
April 1921: Chinese troops defeated at Maimachin.
February 1918: The Whites left Åland on 20 February.
February 1918: The Finnish Civil War expanded to Åland on 10 February, as a squad of 460 White Guard members, led by the captain Johan Fabritius, from the Vakka-Suomi region landed the islands. On 14 February, they took the Prästö telegraph station in Sund, capturing 20 Russian soldiers.
April 1920: The Khorezm People's Soviet Republic was officially declared by the First Khorezm Kurultay (Assembly).
August 1921: Supported by the Red Army, the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party established the Soviet puppet state of the Tuvan People's Republic (initially Tannu Tuva).
January 1919: South Russia was established on 8 January 1919 by the White movement after reorganization of their armed forces in the Southern Front.
March 1918: Swedish troops take control of the Åland Islands.
October 1918: The Germans stayed in the Åland Islands until September 1918.
January 1919: the Republic of North Ingria was a short-lived, small state for the Ingrian Finns in the southern part of the Karelian Isthmus, which seceded from Bolshevist Russia after the October Revolution. Its aim by most proponents was to ultimately be incorporated into the Kingdom of Finland, and it ruled parts of Northern Ingria from 1919 until 1920.
December 1917: A local Council of Workers and Soldiers' Ambassadors convened on Naissaar, declaring the local People's Commissar Council.

1. February Revolution

Was a revolution in Russia that resulted in the proclamation of the Republic.

March 1917: 8 – 16 March 1917: was the first of two revolutions which took place in Russia in 1917.

2. Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War

Local independence movement caused several secessions and revolts during the Russian Civil War.

2.1. Pro-independence and White movements in the Caucasus during the Russian Civil War

Were a series of revolts and secessions in the Caucasus during the Russian Civil War.

April 1918: By April 5, the head of the Transcaucasian delegation, Akaki Chkhenkeli, accepted the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk as a basis for more negotiations and urged the Transcaucasian governments to accept this position. The mood in Tbilisi, however, was very different. Instead of being bound by the terms of Brest-Litovsk, the Sejm gathered and made the decision to establish independence. On April 22, 1918, it proclaimed the establishment of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic.
July 1921: After months of fierce battles with the Red Army, the Republic of Mountainous Armenia capitulated in July 1921 following Soviet Russia's promises to keep the mountainous region as a part of Soviet Armenia.
April 1920: By January 1920, the military and economic situation in the North Caucasian Emirate had begun to deteriorate and Uzun Haji consented to the entry of the emirate into the Russian SFSR with promises of autonomy. He soon died but the existence of the state led to the formation of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
April 1921: The Republic of Mountainous Armenia was established by a military commander and Armenian political thinker Garegin Nzhdeh and his allies with the support of local guerrilla forces, following the suppression of the February Uprising in April 1921.
April 1920: The Bolshevik army started its mobilization and was occupying the government buildings and started imposing Martial laws on Baku.
November 1920: Since the fall of the Armenian Republic, Georgia had taken de facto control of the "lori neutral zone" in joint control with armenia since the armenian-georgian war. Georgia had taken over the Lori "neutral zone" in a disputed Armeno-Georgian borderland on the pretext of defending the district and approaches to Tiflis in October 1920, in the course of the Turkish-Armenian War.
October 1919: The North Caucasian Emirate was a mainly Avar and Chechen Islamic state that existed in the territory of Chechnya and western Dagestan during the Russian Civil War from September 1919.
April 1917: The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus broke away from the Russian Empire during the February Revolution, shortly before the start of the Russian Civil War.
July 1918: The Centrocaspian Dictatorship was a short-lived anti-Soviet administration proclaimed in the city of Baku during World War I. It replaced the Bolshevik Baku Commune in a bloodless coup d'état on July 26, 1918.
May 1918: The Azerbaijani National Council undertook parliamentary functions and proclaimed the foundation of the "Azerbaijani Democratic Republic" and declared the National Charter.
August 1918: The Provisional Military Dictatorship of Mughan was a British-controlled anti-communist short-lived state founded in the Lankaran region on August 1, 1918.
December 1919: Following the German defeat in the First World War, British occupation forces arrived in Georgia, with the permission of the Georgian government.
April 1920: Creation of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic.
January 1921: British-held Batumi remained out of Georgia's control until 1920.
May 1919: The Extraordinary Congress of the "Councils of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies" of Lankaran district proclaimed the Mughan Soviet Republic.
April 1918: The Baku Commune lasted from 13 April to 25 July 1918. It came to power after the bloody confrontation with the Muslim population, known as the March Days in Baku.
July 1921: The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus was captured by Soviet Russian forces in 1921, who transformed it into the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
August 1920: On 14 April 1919, the governor disbanded the council and left the city of Batumi in July 1920, ceding the entire region to Georgia.
October 1921: The Treaty of Kars was a peace treaty that established the common borders between Turkey and the three Transcaucasian republics of the Soviet Union.
September 1918: Ottoman-Azeri forces captured Baku.
January 1919: Named after the Aras River that formed its southern border, the Republic of Aras was declared in December 1918 by Jafargulu Khan Nakhchivanski.
June 1920: Vladimir Lenin’s desire to keep peace with Georgia at that time and eventual military failures of the rebels forced the Bolsheviks to distance themselves from the Ossetian struggle. The Georgian People's Guard under Valiko Jugheli crushed the revolt with great violence.
August 1920: The Treaty of Sèvres was signed between the Allied and Associated Powers and the Ottoman Empire at Sèvres, France on August 10, 1920. The treaty included a clause on Armenia: it made all parties signing the treaty recognize Armenia as a free and independent state. De facto Armenia never took control of all the regions populated by Armenians.
June 1919: The existence of the Republic of Aras was ended when troops from the First Republic of Armenia advanced into the region and succeeded in taking control over it in mid-June 1919 during the Aras War.
July 1919: The Mughan Soviet Republic was a short-lived pro-Bolshevik state that existed in present-day southeastern Azerbaijan from March to June 1919.
May 1920: On May 8, the Ossetians declared a Soviet republic in the Roki area on the Russian-Georgian border. A Bolshevik force from Vladikavkaz crossed into Georgia and helped the local rebels to defeat a Georgian force in the Java district. The rebellious areas were effectively incorporated into Soviet Russia.
March 1918: February-march 1918: Ossetian revolt.
November 1919: October 1919 ossetian revolt.

2.1.1. Sochi conflict

Was a three-party border conflict which involved the counterrevolutionary White Russian forces, Bolshevik Red Army and the Democratic Republic of Georgia, each of which sought control over the Black Sea town of Sochi.

2.1.2. Georgian-Armenian War

Was a border dispute that was fought in December 1918 between the newly independent Democratic Republic of Georgia and the First Republic of Armenia.

2.1.3. Armenian-Azerbaijani War

Was a conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan during the Russian Civil War.

2.1.4. Red Army invasion of Georgia and Armenia

Was a military campaign by the Russian Red Army against secessionist states in the Caucasus.

March 1921: Sukhumi conquered by russia.
March 1921: Surami conquered by russia.
March 1921: Poti conquered by russia.
December 1920: The Soviets took control of Armenia, which ceased to exist as an independent state. The regions given to Armenia by the treaty of Sevres remained to Turkey.
March 1921: In 1921, during the Red Army invasion of Georgia, Soviet leaders Joseph Stalin and Sergo Ordzhonikidze ordered the advance eastward to occupy Zugdidi, a key town in western Georgia.
February 1921: By 17 February, Soviet infantry and cavalry divisions supported by aircraft were less than 15 kilometers northeast of Tbilisi.
February 1921: The triumphant Red Army entered Tbilisi.
March 1921: In 1921, New Athos was taken over by the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic on 3 March.
February 1921: On the night of 11-12 February 1921, at Ordzhonikidze's instigation, Bolsheviks attacked local Georgian military posts in the predominantly ethnic Armenian district of Lori and the nearby village of Shulaveri.
March 1921: On 10 March Soviet forces entered Kutaisi.
March 1921: Soviet forces joined by Abkhaz peasant militias, the Kyaraz, succeeded in taking Gagra.
December 1920: Capture of Yerevan and Echmiadzin by Bolshevik forces.

2.1.5. February Uprising

13 february - 2 april 1921: an anti-Bolshevik rebellion by the nationalist Armenian Revolutionary Federation.

February 1921: 13 february - 2 april 1921: an anti-Bolshevik rebellion by the nationalist Armenian Revolutionary Federation.

2.1.6. August Uprising

An unsuccessful insurrection against Soviet rule in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.

August 1924: 28 August – 5 September 1924: an unsuccessful insurrection against Soviet rule in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.

2.2. Pro-independence and White movements in the Russian Far East during the Russian Civil War

Were a series of revolts and secessions in the Russian Far East during the Russian Civil War.

July 1924: The Tungus Republic was a short-lived unrecognized secessionist state covering mostly Okhotsk region and the eastern regions of the Yakut ASSR from July 1924 to May 1925.
October 1922: When the Japanese withdrew, the Soviet army of the Far Eastern Republic retook the territory.The army of the Far Eastern Republic retook Vladivostok on 25 October 1922, effectively bringing the Russian Civil War to a close.
April 1920: The Far Eastern Republic was a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 in the Russian Far East.
May 1921: Right-wing forces rejected the idea of a fledgling democratic republic. On 26 May 1921 a White coup took place in Vladivostok, backed by Japanese occupying forces. A cordon sanitaire of Japanese troops protected the insurgents, who sought to establish a new régime known as the Provisional Government of the Priamur.
November 1918: The Provisional All-Russian Government (PA-RG) was a short-lived government (1918-1920) centred in Omsk in Siberia during the Russian Civil War of 1917-1922.
March 1922: Korobeinikov's "Yakut People's Army," armed with six machine guns, took the major town of Yakutsk.
July 1921: Gradually the enclave of Priamur was expanded to Khabarovsk and then Spassk, 201 km north of Vladivostok.
November 1919: Omsk was conquered by the Reds.
September 1922: In summer 1922, the Whites were ousted from Yakutsk and withdrew to the Pacific coast.
April 1920: When the Japanese evacuated the Trans-Baikal and Amur oblasts in the spring of 1920, a political vacuum resulted. The Far Eastern Republic was established comprising only the area around Verkhne-Udinsk.
November 1922: With the Civil War finally over, Soviet Russia absorbed the Far Eastern Republic.
January 1920: The Zemstvo of Maritime Territory was a local government that existed in the eastern part of Russia during the Russian Civil War between 31 January and 28 October 1920.
November 1918: Samara falls to the Provisional All-Russian Government.
April 1922: Korobeinikov's "Yakut People's Army," armed with six machine guns, took the major town of Yakutsk.
May 1925: The Tungus Republic was a short-lived unrecognized secessionist state covering mostly Okhotsk region and the eastern regions of the Yakut ASSR from July 1924 to May 1925.
September 1918: From June to August 1918, Komuch's influence spread from Samara into the provinces of Simbirsk, Kazan, Ufa and Saratov.
January 1926: Japan retained the northern half of Sakhalin Island until 1925, ostensibly as compensation for the massacre of about 700 civilians and soldiers at the Japanese garrison at Nikolaevsk-na-Amure in January 1920.
December 1922: When the Soviet Union was formed on 30 December 1922, the only Russian territory still controlled by the White Movement was the region of the Pepelyayevshchina ("пепеляевщина"), that is, Ayan, Okhotsk, and Nelkan.
April 1917: The State of Buryat-Mongolia was established according to the decision of the first All-Buryat congress.
February 1918: The Provisional Siberian Government (later the Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia), was an ephemeral government for Siberia created by the White movement.
April 1920: The State of Buryat-Mongolia de facto ceased to exist after the formation of the Far Eastern Republic.

2.3. Pro-independence movements in the Kuban region during the Russian Civil War

Were a series of revolts and secessions in the Kuban Region during the Russian Civil War.

May 1917: After the February Revolution, in April 1917 the Kuban Rada, proclaimed itself as the supreme administration of the Kuban Oblast.
January 1918: After the October Revolution, the Rada fought against Soviet rule, and proclaimed the Kuban People's Republic with its capital in Yekaterinodar.

2.4. Secession of Bashkurdistan

Was the secession of Bashkurdistan during the Russian Civil War.

November 1917: A national-territorial autonomy proclaimed on November 15 1917 by the Bashkir regional Shuro and approved by the Constituent Congress of Bashkurdistan.
March 1919: Remnant territories of Bashkurdistan occupied by Provisional All-Russian Government.

2.5. Pro-independence movements in central Asia during the Russian Civil War

Were a series of revolts and secessions in central Asia during the Russian Civil War.

February 1920: The Altai Republic was annexed back into Russia.
January 1923: In 1922 the Altai Republic was annexed by the Bolsheviks.
August 1920: In 1919-20 the Bolsheviks defeated the White Russian forces and occupied Kazakhstan. On August 26, 1920, the Soviet government established the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
February 1918: The Turkestan Autonomy existed until 22 February 1918. For the destruction of the self-proclaimed Turkestan Autonomy, 11 trains with troops and artillery under the command of Konstantin Osipov arrived from Moscow in Tashkent. As a result of hostilities, thousands of civilians were killed. Thus, the Turkestan autonomy was liquidated by the Bolsheviks only 3 months after its creation.
December 1917: The Alash Autonomy was a short- lived Kazakh state that existed from December 13, 1917.
January 1918: During the Russian Civil War, the Confederated Republic of Altai was established in 1917, and declared as the first step to rebuilding Genghis Khan's Mongol Empire.
January 1922: A second Altai Republic was formed in 1921.
January 1919: Turkish forces withdrew from the Arabian Peninsula in 1918.
November 1917: Turkestan Autonomy, or Kokand Autonomy, was an unrecognized state in Central Asia that existed at the beginning of the Russian Civil War. It was formed on 27 November 1917.

2.6. Pro-independence and White movements in Crimea during the Russian Civil War

Were a series of revolts and secessions in Crimea during the Russian Civil War.

January 1918: By the end of January 1918, the Bolsheviks had captured the whole of Crimea and dissolved both the Qurultay as well as the Council of National Representatives.
December 1917: The Bolsheviks captured Sevastopol.
December 1917: The Crimean People's Republic existed from December 1917 to January 1918 in the Crimean Peninsula.
March 1918: The Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic existed from 19 March to 30 April 1918 and was recognised by the Russian SFSR.
April 1918: With the assistance of the German Empire, the Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic was quickly overrun by forces of Ukraine. By the end of April 1918, the majority of the CEC and the Council of People's Commissars, including council leader Anton Slutsky and local Bolshevik chief Jan Tarwacki, were arrested and shot in Alushta by insurgent Crimean Tatars. On 30 April, the Republic was abolished.
January 1918: The Bolsheviks captured Simferopol.

2.7. Secession of the Idel-Ural State

Was the secession of the Idel-Ural State, a short-lived Tatar republic located in Kazan, during the Russian Civil War.

March 1918: The Idel-Ural State was a short-lived Tatar republic located in Kazan that claimed to unite Tatars, Bashkirs, Volga Germans, and the Chuvash in the turmoil of the Russian Civil War.
March 1918: The Idel-Ural State, which included only some sections of Kazan, was defeated by the Red Army.

2.8. Establishment of the Don Republic

The Don Republic was an anti-Bolshevik republic formed by the Armed Forces of South Russia on the territory of the Don Cossacks, during the Russian Civil War.

May 1918: The assembly of the Don Cossacks - the Krug - proclaimed the independence of the Don Republic.
January 1921: The Don Republic ceased to exist after the Don Cossacks, who formed an essential part of the White Army, were defeated by the Red Army in the Russian Civil War.

2.9. Establishment of the Republic of Perloja

Was the creation of the small Republi of Perloja, in Lithuania, during the Russian Civil War.

January 1924: In 1923, Perloja was divided along the Merkys River, leaving one bank to Lithuania and another to the Second Polish Republic.
December 1918: In November 1918, the locals of Perloja established a self-governing parish committee, often called the Republic of Perloja (Perlojos respublika), chaired by Jonas Česnulevičius, veteran of the Imperial Russian Army.

2.10. Secession of Uhtua

Was the secession of the Republic of Uhtua, in Karelia, during the Russian Civil War.

May 1920: The Red Army went to Uhtua and disestablished the republic.
July 1919: The Republic of Uhtua took shape on 21 July 1919, together with the establishment of the Provisional Government of White Karelia.

2.11. Secession of Olonets

Was the secession of the Olonets Government of Southern Karelia, a short-lived state that existed in 1920 in South Karelia, modern-day Finland, during the Russian Civil War.

September 1920: The territories of the Olonets Government of Southern Karelia were captured by the Red Army.
June 1920: The Olonets Government of Southern Karelia was a short-lived state that existed in 1920 in South Karelia, modern-day Finland. The government formed in Olonets in May 1920.

2.12. Soviet-Finnish conflict 1921-22

Was a conflict between Finland and the Russian SFSR during the Russian Civil War.

December 1921: In November and December 1921, the Finnish troops reoccupied part of the regions of Karelia, which began the Soviet-Finnish conflict.
February 1922: In early February 1922 the Center Committee Karelian village of Uhtua was re-occupied by the Red Army.

3. July Days

16-20 July: The July Days (Russian: Июльские дни) were a period of unrest in Petrograd, Russia, between 16-20 July (O.S. 3-7 July) 1917.

July 1917: The July Days were a period of unrest in Petrograd, Russia, between 16–20 July (O.S. 3–7 July) 1917.

4. Bolsheviks take control of most of European Russia

Were a series of insurrections that resulted in the Bolshevik conquest of most of European Russia.

December 1917: On 8 December 1917, Vyatka was taken over by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution.
February 1918: Bolsheviks take control of Kyiv and Vologda.
January 1918: Bolsheviks take control of Yekaterinoslav.
February 1918: The Bolsheviks occupied most of Ethnical Russia, ending the Russian Republic.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Vitebsk, Yaroslavl, Saratov, Samara, and Izhevsk.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Voronezh, Smolensk, and Gomel.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Orel and Perm.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Rostov, Tver, and Nizhny Novgorod.
February 1918: Bolsheviks take control of Arkhangelsk.
January 1918: Establishment of the Odesa Soviet Republic.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Petrograd, Minsk, Novgorod, Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Tartu.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Tsaritsyn.
January 1918: Bolsheviks take control of Petrozavodsk.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Pskov, Moscow, and Baku.
February 1918: Bolsheviks take control of Astrakhan.
December 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Mogilev.
November 1917: Bolsheviks take control of Ufa, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, and Narva.
November 1917: The Bolshevik insurrection, which began on the night of November 6-7, 1917 in Petrograd, ended in success. The Bolsheviks formed a revolutionary government headed by Lenin and were able to progressively extend their power over most of the territories of the old Tsarist Empire.

5. October Revolution

Was a Bolshevik insurrection in Petrograd on 25 October (New Style: 7 November) 1917 led by Vladimir Lenin that started the Russian Civil War.

November 1917: Insurrection in Petrograd on 25 October (Old Style, O.S.; 7 November, New Style or N.S.) 1917.

6. Kerensky-Krasnov uprising

An attempt by Alexander Kerensky to regain power after the Bolsheviks overthrew his Provisional Government in Petrograd.

November 1917: 8–13 November 1917: an attempt by Alexander Kerensky to regain power after the Bolsheviks overthrew his Provisional Government in Petrograd.

7. Ice March

Was a military withdrawal during the Russian Civil War. Under attack by the Red Army advancing from the north, the forces of the Volunteer Army, sometimes referred to as the White Guard, began a retreat from the city of Rostov south towards the Kuban.

February 1918: As the Red Army entered Rostov, the Cossacks led by Kornilov began the march south across the frozen steppelands.
November 1917: In the Don Cossack capital, Novocherkassk, the Don Cossack Host had elected General Aleksei Maksimovich Kaledin to the position of Ataman at its traditional assembly, the Host Krug (1 July,O.S. 18 June, 1917). On 20 November (O.S. 7 November) 1917, not long after the Communists took control in central Russia, the Don Krug declared its independence.
December 1917: With the encouragement of Kaledin, the Whites, still only some 500 strong, managed to recapture the city of Rostov from local Red Guard units on 15 December.
February 1918: By the beginning of 1918 better-organised and stronger Communist forces began an advance from the north, capturing Taganrog on the Sea of Azov on 10 February.

8. Ukrainian-Soviet War

Was a conflict between Ukrainian nationalist forces and the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. It also included a multitude of ethnical and local factions.

November 1917: The Rada announced a wider autonomy for the Ukrainian Republic, still maintaining ties to Russia.
April 1918: Former Imperial Russian Army General Pavlo Skoropadsky led a successful German-backed coup against the Rada on April 29. He proclaimed the conservative Ukrainian State (also known as the "Hetmanate") with himself as monarch, and reversed many of the socialist policies.
December 1917: Bolshevik forces captured Kharkiv.
January 1918: Bolsheviks take control of Zhitomir.
January 1919: On January 26 Dybenko (RSFSR) took Katerynoslav.
January 1918: Poltava conquered by RSFSR.
February 1919: Kiev fell to the Bolshevisk on February 5, 1919.
December 1918: The Ukrainian Front took the important strategic railroad connection in Kupyansk.
March 1919: Surprisingly, by the end of March the Ukrainian armies successfully conducted series of military operations liberating Sarny, Zhytomyr, Korosten, and threatening to take back Kiev.
January 1919: Act Zluky: The government of the West Ukrainian People's Republic officially united with the Ukrainian People's Republic.
March 1918: The Odessa Soviet Republic ceased to exist altogether when it was sacked by German and Austro-Hungarian troops two months after its creation.
March 1918: In accordance with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Donetsk-Krivoi Rog Soviet Republic was abolished.
November 1921: With the Second Winter Campaign, Korosten was captured by communist forces.
January 1918: Aleksandrovsk conquered by RSFSR.
February 1919: Oleksandria and Yelyzavethrad conquered by RSFSR.
January 1919: The Komancza was suppressed by the Polish government as part of the Polish-Ukrainian War.
March 1919: Ukrainian Bolsheviks took Mykolaiv.
January 1918: Due to the declared indipendency from Russia] a series of regional Soviet republics on the territory of Ukraine proclaimed their independence and allegiance to the Petrograd sovnarkom (Odessa Soviet Republic).
February 1918: Donetsk-Krivoi Rog Soviet Republic was a self-declared Soviet republic of the Russian SFSR founded on 12 February 1918.
November 1918: The West Ukrainian People's Republic was proclaimed.
November 1918: The Komancza Republic was a short-lived microstate, an association of thirty three Lemko villages, seated in Komańcza in eastern Lemkivshchyna, that existed between 4 November 1918 and 24 January 1919.
January 1919: On January 3, the Red Army took Kharkiv.
December 1918: The Lemko Republic was a short-lived state founded in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was located in the Lemko region of present-day Poland and Ukraine.
February 1918: Ukraine was already independant from russia, but partially occupied by it and at same time already a German protectorate. It joined the treaty to push out the red army. Ukraine signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to obtain military help from the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires. Germany helped the Ukrainian Army force the Bolsheviks out of Ukraine. By April the German-Austrian Operation Faustschlag offensive had completely removed the Bolsheviks from Ukraine. Thus Germany was able to made entire Ukraine a protectorate.
March 1918: The Imperial German and Austro-Hungarian armies drove the Bolsheviks out of Ukraine, taking Kiev on March 1.
April 1920: The Lemko Republic was ended by the Polish government in March 1920.
March 1919: In Northern Ukraine, Soviet troops took Ovruch and Chernigov.
January 1919: The Soviet Army took Poltava while the Ukrainian troops retreated further to Kremenchuk.
May 1920: Kiev Offensive: The combined Polish-Ukrainian forces entered Kiev.
June 1920: Kiev was evacuated and left to the Soviets.
January 1919: The troops under the command of Mykola Schors occupied Chernihiv.
April 1919: By the middle of April, the Bolsheviks defeated the army of the UNR and crossed the Novohrad-Volynsky-Shepetivka-Proskurov-Mogilev-Podolsky line.
January 1918: The Bolsheviks quickly overran Poltava, Aleksandrovsk, and Yekaterinoslav by January 1918.
November 1918: On November 9 Polish forces attempted to seize the Drohobych oil fields by surprise but were driven back, outnumbered by the Ukrainians. The resulting stalemate saw the Poles retaining control over Lviv and a narrow strip of land around a railway linking the city to Poland, while the rest of eastern Galicia remained under the control of the West Ukrainian National Republic.
November 1918: When the Central Powers were defeated on the Western Front, Germany completely withdrew from Ukraine. Skoropadsky left Kiev with the Germans, and the Hetmanate was in turn overthrown by the socialist Directorate.
February 1918: The Kuban People's Republic was proclaimed by the Kuban Rada on 28 January 1918 and declared its independence on 16 February.
March 1919: On March 2 Ukrainian military leader Otaman Hryhoryev occupied Kherson.
March 1919: Soviet troops crossed the line Korosten - Zhitomir - Uman - Olviopol - Kherson - Melitopol.
April 1919: By April 3 the Entente forces evacuated from Odessa.
April 1920: Kiev Offensive: The Ukrainians led by Pilsudski struck on April 25, and captured Zhytomyr the following day.
March 1919: Declaration of the Ukrainian Soviet republic.
January 1918: Due to the aggression from Soviet Russia, on 25 January 1918, the Tsentralna Rada issued its Fourth Universal, breaking ties with Bolshevik Russia and proclaiming a sovereign Ukrainian state.
April 1918: Kharkov conquered by germany.

8.1. Khotin Uprising

Ukrainian-led insurrection in the far-northern tip of Bessarabia.

January 1919: 7 January – 1 February 1919: Ukrainian-led insurrection in the far-northern tip of Bessarabia.

9. Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia

Was a Romanian intervention in Bessarabia during the Russian Civl War.

10. White Russia administrative changes

Where the administrative changes of Belarus during World War I and the Russian Civil War.

11. Heimosodat

Were a series of expeditions into Russian territories inhabitated by Finnish peoples during the Russian Civil War. The aim of the expeditions was either the independence of these territories or their annexion to Finland.

11.1. Viena expedition

Was a military expedition in March 1918 by Finnish volunteer forces to annex White Karelia from Soviet Russia.

October 1918: In the end, the Finnish expedition in Kem failed due British efforts to prevent then German-aligned Finland from gaining access to the Murmansk railroad. The Finnish troops withdrew to Finland on 2 October.
April 1918: By 10 April, Malm's group had advanced as far as the coastal town of Kem on the White Sea but was unable to capture it.

11.2. Petsamo expeditions

Were two military expeditions in May 1918 and in April 1920 by Finnish civilian volunteers, to annex Petsamo (Russian: Pechenga) from Bolshevist Russia.

June 1918: Finnish civilian volunteers tried unsuccesfully to annect Petsamo.

11.3. Aunus expedition

Was an attempt by Finnish volunteers to occupy parts of East Karelia in 1919, during the Russian Civil War.

April 1919: The Finnish northern group captured Prääsä.
June 1919: The southern group was forced to retreat to Finland after suffering heavy losses. Talvela's group was also forced to retreat back to Finland.
June 1919: The parish of Porajärvi declared on June 6 that it wished to join Finland, as the parish of Repola had already done in 1918. The regular Finnish Army moved in to occupy the parish.

11.4. Revolt of the Ingrian Finns

A secessionist rebellion in the region of Ingria during the Russian Civil War.

January 1920: 23 January- 5 December 1920: a secessionist rebellion in the region of Ingria during the Russian Civil War.

11.5. East Karelian uprising

Was an attempt by a group of East Karelian separatists to gain independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. They were aided by a number of Finnish volunteers.

November 1921: The East Karelian Uprising and the Soviet-Finnish conflict 1921-1922 were an attempt by a group of East Karelian separatists to gain independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. They were aided by a number of Finnish volunteers, starting from 6 November 1921. The conflict ended on 21 March 1922 with the Agreements between the governments of Soviet Russia and Finland about the measures of maintenance of the inviolability of the Soviet-Finnish border.

12. Eastern Russia, Siberia and Far East of Russia Theatre of War (1918)

Was the theatre of war in Siberia and the Russian Far East in 1918, during the Russian Civil War.

June 1918: In May 1918, with the support of the Czechoslovak Legion, the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly - known as the "Komuch" - was established in Samara and Saratov. By July the authority of the Komuch extended over much of the area controlled by the Czechoslovak Legion.
July 1918: Simultaneously Russian officers' organisations overthrew the Bolsheviks in Petropavlovsk.
August 1918: Within a month the Whites controlled most of the Trans-Siberian Railroad between Lake Baikal and the Ural regions.
August 1918: Czechoslovak troops took Kuznetsk.
August 1918: On the Volga, Col. Kappel's White detachment captured Kazan.
September 1918: During the summer Bolshevik power in Siberia was eliminated.
December 1918: After several failures, the Whites took Perm.
July 1918: Whites had extended their gains westwards, capturing Ekaterinburg.
September 1918: On the 11th Simbirsk fell to the Bolsheviks.
September 1918: The Bolsheviks re-captured the city of Kazan following a counteroffensive.
August 1918: Anti-Bolshevik forces advanced towards Saratov and Kazan.
October 1918: Samara was taken by the Soviets. The Whites fell back eastwards to Ufa and Orenburg.
August 1918: In July, White Russian troops commanded by Vladimir Kappel took Syzran.
August 1918: In Eastern Siberia Radola Gajda took Irkutsk and Chita.
December 1918: White armies had to leave Ufa.
June 1918: Territorial change based on available maps.
June 1918: In June, the Legion, having informally sided against the Bolsheviks for protection and convenience, captured Samara enabling the first anti-Bolshevik local government in Siberia, the Komuch, formed on 8 June.
June 1918: Whites formed the Provisional Siberian Government in Omsk.

13. Left SR uprising

6-7 July 1918: an uprising against the Bolsheviks by the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party in July 1918.

July 1918: 6-7 July 1918: an uprising against the Bolsheviks by the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party in July 1918.

14. North Russia intervention

Was a military expedition in modern-day Arkhanhgelsk Oblast by an alliance of western powers including Great Britain, Italy, France and the United States of America during the Russian Civil War.

14.1. Allied invasion (North Russia intervention)

Was a military invasion of modern-day Arkhanhgelsk Oblast by an alliance of western powers including Great Britain, Italy, France and the United States of America during the Russian Civil War. It resulted in the establishement of the pro-White Supreme Administration of the Northern Region.

August 1918: The Allies advanced to the shores of Onega Bay.
August 1918: Anti-Bolshevik forces, led by Tsarist Captain Georgi Chaplin, staged a coup against the local Soviet government at Archangelsk.
August 1918: The Murmansk Krai Soviet authorized Chairman Yuryev to agree on the inclusion of Murmansk Krai into the Supreme Administration of the Northern Region.
September 1918: The Supreme Administration of the Northern Region became the Provisional Government of the Northern Region.

14.2. Allied retreat (North Russia intervention)

Was the counterattack by the Russian SFSR against the Provisional Government of the Northern Region, a pro-White entity created by an alliance of Western Powers during the Russian Civil War.

January 1919: Allied troops were expelled from Shenkursk after an intense battle.
November 1918: Battle of Tulgas.

14.3. Collapse of the Supreme Administration of the Northern Regions

Was the occupation by the Russian SFSR of the Provisional Government of the Northern Region, a pro-White entity created by an alliance of Western Powers during the Russian Civil War.

March 1920: Murmansk conquered by RSFSR.
February 1920: The White Russian Northern Army was left to face the Red Army alone. Poorly disciplined, they were no match for the Red Army, and quickly collapsed when the Bolsheviks launched a counter-offensive in December 1919. On February 20, 1920 the Bolsheviks entered Arkhangelsk.

14.4. Japanese intervention in Siberia

Was the Japanese military occupation of territories in Siberia during the Russian Civil War.

14.5. Southern Russia intervention (Russian Civil War)

Was an Allied military intervention against the Bolsheviks in Ukraine between December 1918 and April 1919, during the Russian Civil War.

15. Kuban Offensive

Was an offensive by the White Army in the kuban region during the Russian Civil War.

August 1918: Yekaterinodar conquered by White Army.
October 1918: General Kazanovich's division (Whites) took Armavir.
November 1918: Gen. Pyotr Wrangel of the White Army secured Stavropol.
August 1918: The White Army captured Ekaterinodar and Novorossiysk in August 1918.
April 1919: By the beginning of 1919 the whole Northern Caucasus was controlled by the White Volunteer Army.

16. Malleson mission

Was a British military offensive against the Bolheviks in Turkmenistan, during the Russian Civil War.

January 1919: The British Government decided on 21 January to withdraw from Merv and Annenkovo, and the last troops left for Persia on 5 April.
November 1918: By 1 November 1918, British forces had successfully re-occupied Merv, a strategic city in present-day Turkmenistan.

17. South Russia 1919 campaign

Was a military offensive by pro-White South Russia during the Russian Civil War.

June 1919: Russian general Denikin's troops took the cities of Kharkov and Belgorod.
September 1919: Kursk and Orel were taken by White forces, on 20 September and 14 October, respectively.
February 1920: The Red Army took Krasnovodsk, south of Fort Alexandrovsk.
October 1919: Kursk and Orel were taken by White forces, on 20 September and 14 October, respectively.
June 1919: White troops under Wrangel's command took Tsaritsyn.
December 1919: The Soviets captured the city of Tajpak.
December 1919: The Red Army recaptured Kiev on 17 December.
November 1919: Kursk was retaken by the Reds.
August 1919: The Red Army, stretched thin by fighting on all fronts, was forced out of Kiev.
March 1920: By the end of March 1920, Denikin's troops were retreating in the Caucasus and Port Petrovsk was abandoned to the advancing Red Army.

17.1. Battle for the Donbass

Was a military campaign of the Russian Civil War in which White forces repulsed attacks of the Red Army on the Don Host Oblast and occupied the Donbass region.

April 1919: The Red 1st Zadneprovskaya division of Pavel Dybenko seized Melitopol, cutting the White Azov Front in two.
February 1919: The Makhno brigade recaptured Polohy.
May 1919: The Bolsheviks launched the offensive on May 14, and on the next day retook Lugansk.
January 1919: The Lozovaya-Sinelnikovo line was taken by the communists.
January 1919: Bolshevik units led by Kozhevnikov units occupied Kostiantynivka and Bakhmut.
May 1919: Lugansk occupied by the Whites on 27 May.
January 1919: By January 14 the Reds occupied Starobilsk and entered the Northern Donbass, having seized the stations Logvinovo, Popasnaya, Kramatorskaya, Slavyansk.
June 1919: The Bolshevik 13th Army retreated in disorder to the North, stopping only a month later in the area of Novy Oskol.
November 1918: The Whites entered Lugansk and took controle of the Lugansk and Slovianoserbsk districts.
January 1919: On January 16 the Reds took Bilovodsk.
March 1919: Andrei Shkuro's White troops broke through the front of the Reds at Krindachyovka and took Debaltsevo.
December 1918: The Cossacks entered Debaltsevo, Donetsk and Mariupol.
May 1919: The Whites took Yenakiyevo.
May 1919: The Whites reached the Millerovo station.
May 1919: Lugansk conquered by South Russia (Whites).
March 1919: On March 20, the Red Army captured Donesk.
March 1919: Makhno (Communists) seized Berdyansk on March 15.
March 1919: Units of the 13th Red Army attacked from the Northwest and forced the depleted Volunteer battalions to retreat from Debaltsevo.
March 1919: Communist and Anarchis detachments seized Volnovakha.
March 1919: Mariupol conquered by russia.
May 1919: Shkuro's cavalry captured Donetsk (Yuzovka) and Avdeevka and the Kornilov division took Debaltsevo.
March 1919: They Bolsheviks pushed the enemy towards the south and west of the Donetsk basin.

18. Soviet westward offensive of 1918-25

Was a military campaign by the Russian SFSR into regions that had been evacuated by the German forces in eastern Europe after World War I.

18.1. Soviet westward offensive in Poland

Was a military offensive by the Russian SFSR in Poland after the German army left the area.

November 1918: Babruysk conquered by RSFSR.
February 1919: The Soviet westward offensive came to a halt by late February.
November 1918: Zhlobin conquered by RSFSR.
December 1918: On 10 December 1918, the Red Army entered Minsk almost unopposed, putting an end to the short-lived Belarusian People's Republic.
November 1918: The Red Army entered Polotsk on 21 November.
December 1918: Slutsk conquered by RSFSR.
December 1918: Igumen conquered by RSFSR.
November 1918: Drissa and Rahachow conquered by RSFSR.
December 1918: Barysaw conquered by RSFSR.
May 1919: In April the Bolsheviks captured Grodno and Vilna.

18.2. Soviet Offensive (Estonian War of Independence)

Was the Bolshevik invasion of Estonia, a former region of the Russian Empire that had declared independence.

18.3. Soviet offensive (Latvian War of Independence)

Soviet offensive in Latvia, a territory of the Russian Empire that had been occupied by Germany and had then declared independency.

18.4. Soviet offensive (Lithuanian War of Independence)

Was the military invasion of Lithuania by the Russian SFSR that started the Lithuanian-Soviet War.

19. Estonian War of Independence

Was the Estonian War of independence from Bolshevik Russia and German troops.

19.1. Liberation of Estonian territories (Estonian War of Independence)

Estonian counteroffensive against the Bolshevik invasion.

January 1919: Battle of Paju.
February 1919: The second half of February saw the Estonian southward advance capture Salacgrīva and Alūksne.
January 1919: Narva was liberated by the Estonians.
April 1919: The Bolshevisk were pushed back by the Latvian 3rd Division to Salacgrīva-Seda-Gauja line.
April 1919: The Latvian Riflemen captured Rūjiena.
March 1919: The Estonian 2nd Division counterattacked and regained Petseri by 29 March. Subsequently, the 'Estonian' Red Army was pushed behind the Optjok River.
January 1919: Liberation of the Estonian town of Rakvere.
January 1919: Tartu was liberated by the Estonians through the rapid deployment of armored trains.
January 1919: The strengthened Estonian Army stopped the 7th Red Army's advance in its tracks between 2 and 5 January 1919 and went on the counter-offensive on 7 January. Tapa was liberated two days later.

19.2. Estonian offensives into Russia and Latvia

Offensive of the Estonian army in Russian and Latvian territories.

June 1919: The Estonian army crossed Daugava river and captured Jēkabpils.
May 1919: Estonian 2nd and 3rd divisions also started a southward offensive into Northern-Latvia. By end of May they had captured Alūksne and Valmiera.
May 1919: An offensive destroyed the Estonian Red Army, captured Pskov on 25 May and cleared the territory between Estonia and the Velikaya River of Soviet forces.

19.3. Battles between Estonia and Latvia

Were battles between Latvia and Estonia during the Independence wars of these two countries.

19.3.1. Battle of Cēsis

The Battle of Cēsis (alos Battle of Wenden) was a decisive battle in the Estonian War of Independence and the Latvian War of Independence were the Estonian and Latvian forces defeated the Baltic German forces.

June 1919: Fighting between Latvia and Estonia resumed with an Estonian Iron Division attack on the Estonian positions near Limbaži.
June 1919: The Estonian forces started a full counter-attack on 23 June resulting in the recapture of Cēsis.
June 1919: The Landeswehr captured Cēsis.

19.3.2. Return of latvian government

Withdraw of remaining German troops from Latvia.

July 1919: The Allies again insisted that the Germans withdraw their remaining troops from Latvia, and on July 3 intervened to impose an armistice between Estonia, Latvia, and the Landeswehr and Freikorps when the Latvians were about to march into Riga.
July 1919: The government of Ulmanis returned to Riga on 8 July 1919 and the Landeswehr became a component of the Latvian National Army.

19.4. Final battles and peace (Estonian War of Independence)

Were the final phases of the Estonian War of Independence.

December 1919: The situation for the Estonians became critical as forward units of the 15th Red Army crossed the Narva River.
December 1919: An Estonian counterattack pushed the Soviets back from the Narva river region.

20. Latvian War of Independence

Was a series of military conflicts in Latvia between 5 December 1918, after the newly proclaimed Republic of Latvia was invaded by Soviet Russia.

20.1. Latvian and German counteroffensive

German and Latvian counterattack against Bolshevik forces during the Latvian War of Independence.

May 1919: Riga was recaptured by the German-Latvian Freikorps and an organised persecution of suspected Bolshevik supporters began.
March 1919: On 3 March, the German and Latvian forces commenced a counterattack against the Red Latvian Riflemen. Tukums was recaptured from the Bolsheviks on 15 March.
June 1919: The Estonian Army, including the North Latvian Brigade loyal to the Ulmanis government, started a major offensive against the Soviets in north Latvia. By the middle of June the Soviet rule was reduced to the area surrounding Latgale.
March 1919: Jelgava conquered by Republic of Latvia.

20.2. German Coup

On 16 April, the Baltic nobility organised a coup d'etat in Liepāja and a puppet government headed by Andrievs Niedra was established in Latvia.

April 1919: The Baltic nobility organised a coup d'etat in Liepāja, Latvia, and a puppet government headed by Andrievs Niedra was established.

20.3. Bermontian attack

An offensive by the Bermontians, a pro-German military formation in Latvia and Lithuania.

November 1919: The Latvian Army liberates Jelgava from the West Russian Volunteer Army.
October 1919: The German mission secretly leaves Riga for Jelgava, where an attack is prepared by the German-established West Russian Volunteer Army on Riga. The West Russian Volunteer Army attacks Riga, taking the Pārdaugava district.
November 1919: The Latvian Army, supported by Estonian armored trains, the Royal Navy and the French Navy, defeated the West Russian Volunteer Army in Riga.

20.4. Latvian-Soviet Peace Treaty

The Latvian-Soviet Peace Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Riga, was signed on 11 August 1920 by representatives of the Republic of Latvia and Soviet Russia. It officially ended the Latvian War of Independence. In Article II of the treaty, Soviet Russia recognised the independence of Latvia as inviolable "for all future time".

August 1920: The Latvian-Soviet Peace Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Riga, was signed on 11 August 1920 by representatives of the Republic of Latvia and Soviet Russia. It officially ended the Latvian War of Independence. In Article II of the treaty, Soviet Russia recognised the independence of Latvia as inviolable "for all future time".

21. Polish-Soviet War

Was a war between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in the aftermath of World War I and during the Russian Civil War.

August 1919: Borysów conquered by Second Polish Republic.
August 1919: Dubno and Krzemieniec in the Wołyń region were captured by Polish forces.
April 1919: French General A. Mokrzecki captured Nowogródek and Baranowicze.
September 1920: The Galician Soviet Socialist Republic is absorbed by Poland.
August 1920: Brest-Litovsk conquered by RSFSR.
October 1919: Borysów conquered by Second Polish Republic.
August 1919: The town and fortress of Równe was captured by Polish forces.
January 1920: The new Latvian government requested Polish help in capturing Dyneburg, and it was, after heavy fighting by the Polish 1st and 3rd Legion Divisions under Rydz-Śmigły. The city was then handed to the Latvians.
July 1920: The Polish 1st Army had to retreat behind Neman River.
August 1920: Polish forces managed to recapture Brody.
July 1919: In mid-July, the Soviet counteroffensive near Naliboki was stopped.
August 1919: After heavy fighting, the Polish army captured fortress Bobrujsk near Berezyna.
July 1919: Polish armies attacked Mołodeczno and captured it on 4 July.
July 1920: The Galician Soviet Socialist Republic was a Bolshevik's self-declared and short-lived political entity that existed from 15 July to formally 21 September 1920. The communist state was established during a successful counter-offensive of the Red Army in the summer of 1920 as part of the Polish-Soviet War.
August 1920: The fortress of Brześć Red Army in the first attack.
April 1919: The major city of Vilnius was taken by Polish cavalry units.
June 1919: Polish General Mokrzecki engaged Russians east of Baranowicze.
July 1920: On 19 July Grodno fell to the Red Army.
October 1919: Polish forces reached Daugava River and secured the region from Dzisna to Dyneburg.
July 1920: Supported by Lithuanian forces, the Poles captured Wilno on 14 July.
April 1919: Polish forces under General J. Lasocki recaptured Lida.
April 1920: By March, Polish forces had driven a wedge between Soviet forces in the north (Bielorussia) and south (Ukraine), capturing the towns of Mozyrz and Kalenkowicze.
August 1920: Łomża and Ostrołęka conquered by RSFSR.
August 1919: On 18 August Zasław was occupied by Polish forces.
June 1919: By May units of Rydz-Śmigły had advanced to the north and east and reached the line of Łyngmiany-Ignalino-Hoduciszki-Narocz lake.
July 1919: Łuniec in the Polesie region was captured by Polish forces.
August 1919: Polish forces continued their push and captured Minsk.
June 1920: Soviet forces under Yakir captured the Bila Tserkva.
July 1920: The RSFSR captured Brodno.
September 1920: Sovietic Offensive in Poland of August 1920.
October 1920: Polish counteroffensive of October 1920.
January 1920: By early January 1920, Polish forces had reached the line of Uszyca-Płoskirów-Starokonstantynów-Szepietówka-Zwiahel-Olewsk-Uborć-Bobrujsk-Berezyna-Dyneburg.

21.1. Russian Offensive (Polish-Soviet War)

Was an offensive by the Russian SFSR against Poland during the Polish-Soviet War.

February 1919: The first serious armed conflict of the Polish-Soviet War took place around 14 - 16 February, near the towns of Manevychi and Biaroza in Belarus.
March 1919: In early March 1919, Polish units opened an offensive and forces under General Stanisław Szeptycki captured the cities of Słonim.
March 1919: Polish forces under General A. Listowski took Pinsk.

21.2. Polish-Lithuanian War

Was a war between newly-independent Lithuania and Poland following World War I.

21.3. Battle of Warsaw

Were a series of battles during the Polish-Soviet war that resulted in the defeat of the invading Russian SFSR.

March 1921: A ceasefire was signed between Poland and Soviet Russia on 12 October and went into effect on 18 October. Borders were settled in the Peace of Riga, signed in Riga on 18 March 1921.
October 1920: After the mid-October Battle of the Szczara River, the Polish Army had reached the Tarnopol-Dubno-Minsk-Drisa line.
August 1920: Russian Budionny's cavalry moved through weakly defended areas, reached city of Zamość and attempted to take it.
September 1920: Battle of the Niemen River.
September 1920: The Second Polish Republic Captured Lida and Pińsk.
August 1920: By the end of August, the 4th and 15th Red Armies had been defeated in the field, and their remnants crossed the border into East Prussia.
September 1920: What was left of Buidonny's 1st Cavalry Army retreated towards Włodzimierz Wołyński.
August 1920: Soviet assault at Radzymin.
August 1920: Polish forces recaptured Radzymin.
October 1920: After the mid-October Battle of the Szczara River, the Polish Army had reached the Tarnopol-Dubno-Minsk-Drissa line.
September 1920: On 18 September Polish forces recaptured Równe.
September 1920: Petliura's Ukrainian forces defeated the Bolshevik 14th Army and on 18 September took control of the left bank of the Zbruch river.
October 1920: The soviet Tukhachevski managed to reorganize the eastward-retreating forces and in September established a new defensive line running from the Polish-Lithuanian border to the north to the area of Polesie, with the central point in the city of Grodno in Belarus.

22. Fights between the Bolsheviks and the Siberian Army in eastern European Russia

Were a series of fights between the Bolsheviks and the Siberian Army during the Russian Civil War.

22.1. Offensive of the Whites on the eastern front

Was an offensive of the Whites in eastern European Russia during the Russian Civil War.

April 1919: The White Army stopped at the Glazov-Chistopol-Bugulma-Buguruslan-Sharlyk line.
March 1919: Ufa was retaken by the Whites on 13 March.

22.2. Offensive of the Reds on the eastern front

Was an offensive of the Bolsheviks in eastern European Russia during the Russian Civil War.

June 1919: Izevsk conquered by RSFSR.
June 1919: Sarapul fell to the Bolsheviks on 2 June.
May 1919: The RSFSR captured Elabuga on 26 May.
October 1919: Following the abortive offensive at Chelyabinsk, the White armies withdrew beyond the Tobol.

22.3. Great Siberian Ice March (retreat of the Whites)

Was the retreat of Admiral Kolchak's anti Bolshevik Siberian Army from Omsk to Chita, in the course of the Russian Civil War.

December 1919: The pursuing Red 5th Army took Tomsk.
January 1920: Krasnoyarsk conquered by RSFSR.
January 1920: White Army forces in Siberia essentially ceased to exist by December.

23. Petrograd Siege

Was a campaign by the White movement to take the city of Petrograd.

October 1919: By 19 October the troops of Nikolai Yudenich, leader of the anti-communist White movement in northwestern Russia, had reached the outskirts of the Petrograd.
November 1919: Yudenich, short of supplies, decided to call off the siege of Petrogra and withdrew.

24. Tambov rebellion

Was a peasant rebellion against the Bolesheviks in modern-day Tambov Oblast, during the Russian Civil War.

August 1920: August 19, 1920 – June 1921: was one of the largest and best organized peasant revolts against the Bolshevik regime during the Russian Civil War. The revolt started following the forced requisition of grain.

25. Ottoman Invasion of Armenia

Was an Ottoman military invasion of Armenia, part of the Turkish-Armenian war and also of the Caucasian theatre of the Russian Civil War.

March 1921: Georgian Defense Minister Grigol Lordkipanidze and the Soviet plenipotentiary Avel Enukidze arranged an armistice on 17 March, and then, on 18 March, an agreement. The Democratic Republic of Georgia ceased to exist.
March 1921: Treaty of Moscow: the Turkish authorities proclaimed the annexation of Batumi.
March 1921: The battle for Batumi ended with the port and most of the city in Georgian hands.
October 1920: The city of Kars came under full Turkish occupation.
November 1920: The Turks captured the strategic village of Aghin.
September 1920: At 2:30 in the morning of September 13, five battalions from the Turkish XV Army Corps crossed the Turkish-Armenian border and surprised the thinly spread and unprepared Armenian armies at Olti and Peniak.
November 1920: Turkish forces continued to advance in Armenia, and a week after the capture of Kars, they took control of Alexandropol.
September 1920: Turks entered Sarıkamış.

26. Dagestan Uprising

Was an uprising against Bolshevik power in Dagestan (Caucasus) during the Russian revolution.

October 1920: September 1920 - March 1921: The uprising, led by the Naqshbandi brotherhood that had earlier supported Imam Shamil, began in September 1920, and by the end of the year the rebels controlled most of mountains of Dagestan. The Reds brought in reinforcements and defeated the rebels by March 1921.

27. Evacuation of Crimea

Was an event in the Russian Civil War, in which the pro-White Russian State evacuated over sea from the Crimean Peninsula, their last stronghold on the Southern Front, bringing an end to the fighting on that Front.

November 1920: Whites were defeated at the Siege of Perekop in November 1920, losing the highly strategic Perekop Isthmus and leaving Crimea vulnerable to Red invasion. Wrangel ordered the evacuation of Crimea, effectively ending his government and the Southern Front in Red Victory.
November 1920: The Evacuation of the Crimea was an event in the Russian Civil War, in which the Russian State evacuated over sea from the Crimean Peninsula, their last stronghold on the Southern Front, bringing an end to the fighting on that Front.

28. Treaty of Tartu (1920)

Was a treaty between the Russian SFSR and Finland that defined the border between the two countries.

December 1920: The Finnish - Russian border was determined by the Treaty of Tartu in 1920: Petsamo became finnish.
December 1920: Treaty of Tartu: Repola and Porajärvi were handed back to Soviet Russia.