Polity Germany and Belgium Cnd.

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Was small Belgian-Prussian condominium in central-western Europe that existed from 1816 (Aachen Agreement) to 1920 and was jointly administered by the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (Belgium after its independence in 1830) and the Kingdom of Prussia.

Establishment

  • January 1871: Prussia becomes part of the German Empire.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. German Unification Wars

Were a series of wars that resulted in the creation of the German Empire under Prussian leadership in 1871.

1.1. Franco-Prussian War

Was a war that saw the Second French Empire fight against an alliance of German states led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The war was caused by the struggle over dominance in continental Europe between Prussia and France. The German states were victorious and in 1871 merged to form the German Empire. France was occupied and forced to cede Alsace-Lorraine to Germany.

1.1.1. Unification of Germany (1871)

Was the unification of 25 German states into the German Empire under the leadership of the Kingdom of Prussia, officially proclaimed on 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France.

  • January 1871: Prussia becomes part of the German Empire.

2. World War I

Was a global conflict between two coalitions, the Allies (primarily France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). It was mainly caused by the competition of the western countries over domain in Europe and in the rest of the world with their colonial empires. The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war also caused the Russian Revolution and the ensuing Russian Civil War.

2.1. World War I western Front

Was the theatre of war in western Europe during World War I.

  • June 1915: During the First World War, Neutral Moresnet was annexed by Germany.

2.2. Aftermath of World War I

Were a series of treaties and military events that can be considered a direct consequence of World War I.

  • November 1918: The armistice between France and Germany in November 1918 forced Germany to withdraw from Belgium and Neutral Moresnet.

2.2.1. Treaty of Versailles

Was the treaty that ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers.

  • January 1920: Germany was required to recognize Belgian sovereignty over Moresnet.

Disestablishment

  • January 1920: Germany was required to recognize Belgian sovereignty over Moresnet.

Selected Sources

  • Köbler, G. (2014) Historische Enzyklopädie der Länder der Deutschen, C.H. Beck München, pp. 28-31
  • O'Mahony, C. I. (2013). War within the Walls: Conflict and Citizenship in the Murals of the Hôtel de Ville, Paris. Journal of War & Culture Studies, 6(1), 6-23.