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By means of the Hispano-French Treaty signed on November 27, 1912 France recognized to Spain the territory of the northern zone of Morocco.
Establishment
November 1912: With the Hispano-French Treaty signed on 27 November 1912, France recognized Spain's control over the territory of the northern zone of Morocco, thereby establishing the Spanish protectorate with its capital in Tetouan.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was an armed conflict fought from 1921 to 1926 between the occupying colonialists of Spain (joined by France in 1924) and the Berber tribes of the mountainous Rif region of northern Morocco.
1.1.Establishment of the Rif Republic
Was the establishment of the Rif Republic, a confederate republic in the Rif, a region in northern Morocco. It was created in September 1921, when the local people of the area revolted, declaring their independence from Spanish colonization.
September 1921: After the battle of Annual, Spain lost most of ist territories in Morocco. The independence of the Rif was proclaimed.
1.2.Spanish Counterattack
Was a Spanish military campaign against the Rif Republic, a polity created by local people that revolted against Spanish rule in Morocco.
February 1922: By January 1922 the Spanish had retaken their major fort at Monte Arruit.
1.3.Franco-Spanish Intervention
Was a joint French and Spanish military campaign against the Rif Republic, a polity created by local people that revolted against Spanish rule in Morocco.
September 1925: Spanish landing of Al Hoceima.
September 1925: Spanish forces take the heights of Mount Jebel Amekran.
May 1926: The leader of the Rif Republic, Abdelkrim, is forced to surrender to the Spanish, in Targuist.
Was a civil war in Spain fought between the Republicans (that wanted to keep the current Republican system) and the Nationalists (that wanted to end the Republican system and replace it with a Monarchy or a Fascist regime). The war resulted in the victory of the Conservatives led by General Francisco Franco, who established a totalitarian regime in Spain.
July 1936: In 1936, Spanish Morocco experienced an army uprising led by General Francisco Franco and other Nationalist forces. By late evening, the rebels had taken control of the entire territory.
April 1939: The Spanish Republic was dissolved on 1 April 1939 after surrendering to the Nationalists. A military dictatorship under General Francisco Franco was established.
Was a series of armed incursions into Spanish West Africa by Moroccan insurgents.
February 1958: In 1958, Morocco invaded the northern region of Western Sahara up to Edchera. This military occupation was part of King Mohammed V's efforts to expand Moroccan territory and assert control over the region. The invasion sparked tensions with neighboring countries and led to ongoing conflicts over the sovereignty of Western Sahara.
February 1958: The Spanish army at El Aaiún, in conjunction with French forces from Fort Gouraud, struck the Moroccans on February 21, destroying Saharan Liberation Army concentrations between Bir Nazaran and Ausert.
March 1958: First to fall were the Moroccan mountain strongholds at Tan-Tan.
April 1958: The Treaty of Angra de Cintra, signed by Spain and Morocco on 1 April 1958, ended the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. Delivery to Morocco of Cabo Juby.
July 1916: Francisco Bens officially occupied the Cape Juby region for Spain.
April 1956: When France ended its protectorate over Morocco, Spain discontinued the protectorate and retroceded the territory to the newly independent kingdom, while retaining the plazas de soberanía which were part of Spain prior to the colonial period, Cape Juby, Ifni, and other colonies (such as Spanish Sahara) outside of Morocco.
Disestablishment
February 1958: In 1958, Morocco invaded the northern region of Western Sahara up to Edchera. This military occupation was part of King Mohammed V's efforts to expand Moroccan territory and assert control over the region. The invasion sparked tensions with neighboring countries and led to ongoing conflicts over the sovereignty of Western Sahara.
February 1958: The Spanish army at El Aaiún, in conjunction with French forces from Fort Gouraud, struck the Moroccans on February 21, destroying Saharan Liberation Army concentrations between Bir Nazaran and Ausert.
March 1958: First to fall were the Moroccan mountain strongholds at Tan-Tan.
April 1958: The Treaty of Angra de Cintra, signed by Spain and Morocco on 1 April 1958, ended the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. Delivery to Morocco of Cabo Juby.
Spanish Protectorate in Morocco
