Spain and Great Britain Military Occupation

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Establishment

• December 1861: The fleets of the Tripartite Alliance arrived at Veracruz between 8 and 17 December 1861, intending to pressure the Mexican government into settling its debts. The Spanish fleet seized San Juan de Ulúa and subsequently the capital Veracruz on 17 December.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. French interventions in Mexico

Were two French military interventions in Mexico.

1.1. Second French intervention in Mexico

Was an invasion of Mexico by the Second French Empire. It led to the creation of the Second Mexican Empire, a French protectorate, which collapsed after the withdrawal of the French troops.

1.1.1. Tripartite Alliance Invasion

Was a joint French, Spanish and British invasion of Mexico that started the Second French intervention in Mexico.

• December 1861: The fleets of the Tripartite Alliance arrived at Veracruz between 8 and 17 December 1861, intending to pressure the Mexican government into settling its debts. The Spanish fleet seized San Juan de Ulúa and subsequently the capital Veracruz on 17 December.
• January 1862: The European forces advanced to Orizaba, Cordoba and Tehuacán.
• April 1862: The Mexican Minister of Foreign Affairs, Manuel Doblado met with the Spanish general Juan Prim (who was the nominal commander of the tripartite alliance) and explained to him the country's economic complications and persuaded him that the suspension of the debts was only going to be temporary. For the governments of Spain and Great Britain this explanation was sufficient, and along with their realisation of the French ambition to conquer Mexico, the two governments made the decision to peacefully withdraw their forces on 9 April, with the last British and Spanish troops leaving on 24 April without a shot being fired by either army.

Disestablishment

• January 1862: The European forces advanced to Orizaba, Cordoba and Tehuacán.
• April 1862: The Mexican Minister of Foreign Affairs, Manuel Doblado met with the Spanish general Juan Prim (who was the nominal commander of the tripartite alliance) and explained to him the country's economic complications and persuaded him that the suspension of the debts was only going to be temporary. For the governments of Spain and Great Britain this explanation was sufficient, and along with their realisation of the French ambition to conquer Mexico, the two governments made the decision to peacefully withdraw their forces on 9 April, with the last British and Spanish troops leaving on 24 April without a shot being fired by either army.