Muscat

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Establishment

• January 1508: In 1507 the Portuguese captured the coastal city of Muscat.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Conquests of Suleiman I (Ottoman)

Conquests and wars with Ottoman involvement during the rule of Suleiman I.

1.1. Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1538-1559)

Were a series of confrontations between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire that took place in the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf, and the Red Sea.

• September 1552: The Turks captured Muscat from the Portuguese.
• January 1553: In 1552, the Turks, led by Ottoman admiral Piri Reis, captured Muscat from the Portuguese in a significant event known as the Capture of Muscat. This marked a turning point in the struggle for control over the strategic port city in the Arabian Peninsula.

2. War of the Portuguese Succession

Was a succession crisis caused by the death of the King of Portugal without heirs. The conflict saw two main claimants to the Portuguese throne: António, Prior of Crato, proclaimed in several towns as King of Portugal, and his first cousin Philip II of Spain, who eventually succeeded in claiming the crown, reigning as Philip I of Portugal.

• October 1580: Philip II of Spain succeeded in claiming the Portuguese crown, reigning as Philip I of Portugal.

3. Conquests of Murad III

Expansion during the rule of Murad III in the Ottoman Empire.

3.1. Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1586-1589)

Were armed military engagements which took place between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire along the coast of eastern Africa.

3.1.1. Ottoman backed revolt of Indian Ocean coast

Was a revolt backed by the Ottomans in the East African coast against Portuguese rule.

• January 1582: Muscat conquered by Ottoman Empire.

3.1.2. Portuguese Counterattack

Were a series of Portuguese military actions against African rebels and the Ottomans during the Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1586-1589).

• January 1589: Muscat conquered by portugal.

4. Portuguese Restoration War

Was a revolution organized by the Portuguese nobility and bourgeoisie sixty years after the crowning of Philip I (Philip II of Spain), the first "dual monarch", that ended the Iberian Union.

• November 1640: A revolution organized by the nobility and bourgeoisie on 1 December 1640, sixty years after the crowning of Philip I (Philip II of Spain), the first "dual monarch", ended the Iberian Union between Portugal and Spain.

5. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

• January 1551: Muscat gradually extended their control along the coast up to Sohar in the north and down to Sur in the southeast.
• January 1650: On August 16, 1648 the Imam dispatched an army to Muscat, which captured and demolished the high towers of the Portuguese, weakening their grip over the town. Decisively, in 1650, a small but determined body of the Imam's troops attacked the port at night, forcing an eventual Portuguese surrender on January 23, 1650.

Disestablishment

• January 1650: On August 16, 1648 the Imam dispatched an army to Muscat, which captured and demolished the high towers of the Portuguese, weakening their grip over the town. Decisively, in 1650, a small but determined body of the Imam's troops attacked the port at night, forcing an eventual Portuguese surrender on January 23, 1650.

Selected Sources

• Fernández Álvarez, M. (1998): Felipe II y su tiempo, cuarta edición, p. 523
• de Oliveira Marques , A. H. R.(1972): History of Portugal, Columbia University Press, p. 322-325