Polity Xois

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Was a small polity that became independent from Ancient Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt.

Establishment

  • January 1693 BC: The sixth nome of Lower Egypt, whose capital was Xoïs, was ruled by the XIVth dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. It is unclear whether this Dynasty also ruled at the same time over Avaris.

Chronology

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1. Second Intermediate Period

Was a period when ancient Egypt was broken into smaller dynasties for a second time, between the end of the Middle Kingdom and the start of the New Kingdom.

1.1. Secession of Xois (XIV Dinasty)

Creation of one of the many local dynasties that emerged in Ancient Egypt during the second intermediate period.

  • January 1693 BC: The sixth nome of Lower Egypt, whose capital was Xoïs, was ruled by the XIVth dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. It is unclear whether this Dynasty also ruled at the same time over Avaris.

1.2. Conquests of the Hyksos

The Hyksos were people of probable Levantine origin who established the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt (1650-1550 BC).

1.2.1. Xois conquered by the Hyksos

The Hyksos Kingdom conquered the Egyptian dynasty ruling in Xois.

  • January 1659 BC: The XVth Dynasty of Egypt was formed in Avaris around 1660 by the Hyksôs, which means "heads of foreign countries". We do not know their exact origin but they must have been either a people from the Middle East or a coalition of peoples who had immigrated to the delta from the Middle Kingdom. The Hyksos probably conquered also Xois.

Disestablishment

  • January 1659 BC: The XVth Dynasty of Egypt was formed in Avaris around 1660 by the Hyksôs, which means "heads of foreign countries". We do not know their exact origin but they must have been either a people from the Middle East or a coalition of peoples who had immigrated to the delta from the Middle Kingdom. The Hyksos probably conquered also Xois.

Selected Sources

  • Bunson, M.R. (2014): Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Infobase Publishing, p. 110