Serbia (Military Occupation)

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Establishment

• November 1885: Battle of Slivnitsa.
• November 1885: Slivnitsa was the decisive battle of the Serbo-Bulgarian War. The Serbians fought only limited rearguard actions as they retreated and by 24 November they were back in Serbia.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Serbo-Bulgarian War

Was a war between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Principality of Bulgaria.

• November 1885: Battle of Slivnitsa.
• November 1885: Slivnitsa was the decisive battle of the Serbo-Bulgarian War. The Serbians fought only limited rearguard actions as they retreated and by 24 November they were back in Serbia.
• March 1886: According to the terms of a peace treaty signed in Bucharest, no changes were made to the Bulgarian-Serbian border (status quo ante bellum).

2. Balkan Wars

Were two wars fought in southeastern Europe in 1912-1913 during which the states of the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia) first conquered Macedonia and much of Thrace from the Ottomans and then clashed with each other over the division of the conquered lands.

2.1. First Balkan War

Was a war fought in southeastern Europe where the states of the Balkan League (Kingdom of Bulgaria, Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Montenegro and Kingdom of Serbia) conquered Macedonia and much of Thrace (virtually all remaining territories of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans) from the Ottomans. .

• January 1913: The territory of Albania was occupied by Serbia in the north and Greece in the south.

2.1.1. Northern Rumelian Front

Was the Northern Rumelian front of the First Balkan War.

• October 1912: Serbian conquest of Priştina.
• October 1912: The Serbian army of the Ibar took Yeni Pazar.
• October 1912: Serbian conquest of Senica.
• November 1912: A Serbian column reached the sea at Leş.
• November 1912: A Serbian column instead captured Tirana and Dıraç by November 27.
• April 1913: The Serbs advanced into southern Albania, occupying Loşna.
• April 1913: Serbian forces occupied Berat.

2.1.2. Macedonian Front (Balkan War)

Was the Macedonian front of the First Balkan War.

• October 1912: On October 19, Crown Prince Alexander's Serbian First Army crossed the Ottoman border south of Vranje aiming towards the Vardar valley, while General Stepanović's Serbian Second Army moved from Bulgarian territory to take the enemy forces from the rear.
• October 1912: Ottoman and Serbian forces faced each other near Kumanovo.
• October 1912: The Serbian First Army took Üsküb virtually without a fight.
• October 1912: The Serbian Second Army captured İştip and Ustrumca.
• November 1912: Between 5 and 6 November Ottoman and Serbian forces faced each other in the battle of Prilep, a battle won by the Serbs who were thus able to continue their advance.
• November 1912: On November 16, the two Serbian armies reached Monastir, the third largest city in Macedonia. On 19 November the Serbs entered Monastir undisturbed, leaving the Ottomans free to fall back on central-southern Albania.
• November 1912: On November 20, the Serbs took Resne.
• November 1912: Serbian military operations ended with the capture of the city of Ohrid.

2.1.3. Treaty of London (1913)

The Treaty of London (1913) was signed on 30 May following the London Conference of 1912-13. It ended the First Balkan War and dealt with the territorial adjustments arising out of the conclusion of the First Balkan War.

• May 1913: The Treaty of London was signed on 30 May following the London Conference of 1912-13. It dealt with the territorial adjustments arising out of the conclusion of the First Balkan War. Albania was declared independent.

2.2. Second Balkan War

Was a war fought by Bulgary against a coalition of Balkan states. During the First Balkan War the Balkan League had conquered most of the Ottoman Balkan territories. Bulgaria was dissatisfied by the territorial partition and invaded its former allies.

2.2.1. Bulgarian Offensive in Greece

Was a Bulgarian military offensive in Greece during the Second Balkan War.

• June 1913: Bulgarian troops moved up to positions between Kilkis and the Struma River.

2.2.2. Serb Offensive (Second Balkan War)

Was a Serb military offensive against Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War.

• July 1913: Bulgarians stopped the Serbian offensive in Macedonia at Kalimanci.

2.2.3. Treaty of Bucarest

Was the treaty that ended the Second Balkan War.

• August 1913: The eastern frontier of Serbia was drawn from the top of Patarika and followed the watershed between the Vardar and Struma rivers to the Greek-Bulgarian border, except for the Strumica valley which remained in Bulgaria.
• August 1913: After the First Balkan War of 1912, territories of Kosovo and north-western Macedonia were internationally recognised as a part of Serbia and northern Metohija as a part of Montenegro at the Treaty of London of May 1913. The final borders were ratified at the Treaty of Bucharest of 1913.

Disestablishment

• January 1916: In late January 1916 Austro-Hungarian forces invaded northern Albania in pursuit of the remnants of the Serbian army.
• February 1916: The embarkation of fleeing Serbs from Durazzo ended on 9 February, but the Italian authorities decided to keep the Italian garrison already present in the port.
• February 1916: The Austro-Hungarian XIX Army Corps occupied Tirana without encountering resistance.

Selected Sources

• Favre, F. (2008): La Marina nella Grande Guerra, Udine, Gaspari, pp. 140-141