Polity Principality of Theodoro

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Was a Greek principality in the southern part of Crimea that emerged from the dissolution of the Byzantine Empire after the Fourth Crusade. It was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1475.

Establishment

  • January 1205: Since 1204, Sudak has effectively become a Venetian colony.
  • January 1205: The Principality of Theodoro was formed in 1204, during the IV Crusade, in that part of the thema of Klimata in the Crimea which was not occupied by the Genoese.
  • January 1205: Expansion of the Genoese colonies in Crimea.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the Medieval period. The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291.

1.1. Fourth Crusade

Was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem. However, the Western Crusaders sacked Constantinople in 1204 and partitioned the Byzantine Empire.

  • January 1205: The Principality of Theodoro was formed in 1204, during the IV Crusade, in that part of the thema of Klimata in the Crimea which was not occupied by the Genoese.

2. Mongol invasions and conquests

Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.

  • January 1239: The Mongols, who in 1238 poured into the crimean peninsula, occupied its east.

3. Wars of Mehmed II

Wars during the rule of Mehmed II in the Ottoman Sultanate.

  • November 1475: At the end of the year, after a five-month siege, Doros, the capital of the Theodoro principality, also fell into Ottoman hands.

4. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

  • January 1267: Caffa (today Feodosia) - 1266-1475 was the main Genoese station in Crimea.
  • January 1358: The Republic of Genoa controlled Cembalo (present day Balaklava) in Crimea from 1357.
  • January 1366: In 1365, Alušta, known as Lusta at the time, came under the control of the Republic of Genoa.

Disestablishment

  • November 1475: At the end of the year, after a five-month siege, Doros, the capital of the Theodoro principality, also fell into Ottoman hands.