Polity Neon/Tithorea

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A Greek polis in the ancient region of Phokis.

Establishment

  • January 849 BC: Neon/Tithorea is said to have been built after the Trojan War.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Greco-Persian Wars

Were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states.

1.1. First Persian invasion of Greece

Were a series of campaigns of Achaemenid ruler Darius the Great against the poleis of Greece resulting in Persian occupation of Thrace but also in the Persian defeat in Greece proper.

  • January 480 BC: Neon/Tithorea was destroyed in 480 BC.

1.2. Second Persian invasion of Greece

Was an unsuccesful military campaign waged by Achaemenid King Xerxes I that sought to conquer all of Greece.

  • January 479 BC: Neon/Tithorea was destroyed in 480 BC (and then probably reubilt).

2. First Peloponnesian War

Was a war fought between Sparta as leader of the Peloponnesian League and Sparta's other allies, most notably Thebes, against the Delian League led by Athens with support from Argos.

  • January 456 BC: The Athenians sent an army under Myronides to attack Boeotia. The Boeotian army gave battle to the Athenians at Oenophyta. The Athenians scored a crushing victory which led to the Athenians conquering all of Boeotia except for Thebes, as well as Phocis and Locris.
  • January 446 BC: In 447 BC a revolt against the Athenians broke out in Boeotia causing the end of the continental part of the Athenian Empire on the Greek mainland. The Athenians were defeated at the Battle of Coronea. Athens abandoned Boeotia, Phocis, and Locris.

3. Wars of the Rise of Macedon

Expansion of Macedonia under King Philip II.

3.1. Third Sacred War

Was fought between the forces of the Delphic Amphictyonic League, principally represented by Thebes, and latterly by Philip II of Macedon, and the Phocians.

  • January 346 BC: Neon/Tithorea was destroyed in 480 BC and reappeared around 346 BC.
  • January 345 BC: Neon/Tithorea: Destroyed in 480 BC.

4. Wars of the Diadochi

Were a series of conflicts that were fought between the generals of Alexander the Great, known as the Diadochi, over who would rule his empire following his death.

4.1. Third War of the Diadochi

Was a war between Macedonian Generals that saw Ptolemy, Lysimachus and Cassander fight against Antigonus.

  • September 312 BC: Ptolemaic march in Chalkis, Oropos, Attica, Boeotia and Locris.
  • October 312 BC: Ptolemy (the nephew of general of Antigonus I Monophthalmus) frees Chalkis and Oropos, and marches through Attica, Boeotia and Locris.

Disestablishment

  • January 195 BC: Neon/Tithorea was annexed by the Aetolian League in 196 BC.

Selected Sources

  • Boardman, J. / Griffin, J. / Murray, O. (2001): The Oxford Illustrated History of Greece and the Hellenistic World, Oxford (UK), p. 417
  • Hansen, M. G. / Nielsen, T. H. (2004): An inventory of archaic and classic polities, Oxford University Press, pp. 1363-1364
  • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, 1.108
  • https://www.latsis-foundation.org/content/elib/book_17/thiba_en.pdf