Maximian: West

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Establishment

• January 286: The first phase of the Tetrarchy, sometimes referred to as the Diarchy ('the rule of two'), involved the designation of the general Maximian as co-emperor of Diocletian.

Chronology

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1. Crisis of the Third Century

Was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed due to invasions and secessions. In particular, the period saw the creation of two secessionist states: the Gallic Empire andhe Kingdom of Palmyra.

1.1. Barbarian invasions of the Third Century

Were a series of Barbarian invasions of the Roman Empire during the Crisis of the Third Century.

1.1.1. Evacuation of the Agri Decumates

Romans controlled the Agri Decumates region until the mid-3rd century, when the emperor Gallienus (259-260) evacuated it before the invading Alemanni.

• January 299: Alemanni expansion into the Agri Decumates, a region of the Roman Empire's provinces of Germania Superior and Raetia.

2. Civil wars of the Tetrarchy

Were a series of conflicts between the co-emperors of the Roman Empire (the system of Thetrarchy introduced by Diocletian divided the Roman Empire between two emperors, the augusti, and their junior colleagues and designated successors, the caesares). The war ended with Constantine I as undisputed Emperor.

• January 306: The senior Roman emperors jointly abdicated and retired in 305 AD, allowing Constantius and Galerius to be elevated in rank to Augusti. They in turn appointed two new Caesars - Severus in the west under Constantius, and Maximinus Daia in the east under Galerius.

2.1. Early Tetrarchic Period

The Tetrarchy was the system instituted by Roman emperor Diocletian in 293 AD to govern the ancient Roman Empire by dividing it between two emperors, the augusti, and their junior colleagues and designated successors, the caesares. This marked the end of the Crisis of the Third Century.

• January 286: The first phase of the Tetrarchy, sometimes referred to as the Diarchy ('the rule of two'), involved the designation of the general Maximian as co-emperor of Diocletian.
• January 294: In 293, feeling more focus was needed on both civic and military problems, Diocletian, with Maximian's consent, expanded the imperial college by appointing two Caesars.

Disestablishment

• January 306: The senior Roman emperors jointly abdicated and retired in 305 AD, allowing Constantius and Galerius to be elevated in rank to Augusti. They in turn appointed two new Caesars - Severus in the west under Constantius, and Maximinus Daia in the east under Galerius.