Polity Eight Nations Alliance

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Was a multinational military coalition that invaded northern China in 1900.

Establishment

  • June 1900: As the Boxer Rebellion more violent, a second multinational force of 2,000 sailors and marines under the command of the British vice-admiral Edward Seymour, the largest contingent being British, was dispatched from Dagu to Beijing on 10 June 1900. The troops were transported by train from Dagu to Tianjin.
  • June 1900: Battle of Langfang: the Chinese Muslim Kansu Braves and Boxers ambushed and defeating the Eight-Nation Alliance expeditionary army.
  • June 1900: The legations of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United States, Russia and Japan were located in the Beijing Legation Quarter south of the Forbidden City. The Chinese army and Boxer irregulars besieged the Legation Quarter from 20 June .
  • August 1900: The Chinese army and Boxer irregulars besieged the Legation Quarter from 20 June to 14 August 1900.
  • August 1900: After the Boxer Rebellion, the Legation Quarter was under the jurisdiction of foreign countries with diplomatic legations.
  • August 1900: Beijing, Tianjin, and other cities in northern China were occupied by the international force.
  • December 1900: China leases a concession in Tientsin to Russia.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Century of humiliation

A period (1839-1949) of foregin interventions in China resulting in the occupation, conquest or lease of large territories by foregin countries.

1.1. Concessions in China

During the XIX and XX century China was forced into treaties with foreign powers that established concessions (factually enclaves) in its territory.

  • December 1900: China leases a concession in Tientsin to Russia.

1.2. Boxer Rebellion

Was an anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising in China between 1899 and 1901. The rebels were known as the "Boxers" in English because many of its members had practiced Chinese martial arts, which at the time were referred to as "Chinese boxing".

  • August 1900: After the Boxer Rebellion, the Legation Quarter was under the jurisdiction of foreign countries with diplomatic legations.

1.2.1. Initial revolt of the Boxers

Was the revolt by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists (known as the "Boxers" by western countries) that started the Boxer Rebellion.

1.2.1.1. Siege of the Legation Quarter

The legations of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United States, Russia and Japan were located in the Beijing Legation Quarter south of the Forbidden City. The Chinese army and Boxer irregulars besieged the Legation Quarter during the Boxer Rebellion.

  • June 1900: The legations of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United States, Russia and Japan were located in the Beijing Legation Quarter south of the Forbidden City. The Chinese army and Boxer irregulars besieged the Legation Quarter from 20 June .
  • August 1900: The Chinese army and Boxer irregulars besieged the Legation Quarter from 20 June to 14 August 1900.

1.2.2. Seymour Expedition

Was an attempt by a multi-national military force to march to Beijing and relieve the Siege of the Legations durint the Boxer Rebellion.

  • June 1900: As the Boxer Rebellion more violent, a second multinational force of 2,000 sailors and marines under the command of the British vice-admiral Edward Seymour, the largest contingent being British, was dispatched from Dagu to Beijing on 10 June 1900. The troops were transported by train from Dagu to Tianjin.
  • June 1900: Battle of Langfang: the Chinese Muslim Kansu Braves and Boxers ambushed and defeating the Eight-Nation Alliance expeditionary army.

1.2.3. Eight Nations Alliance Invasion of China

Was the invasion of Qing China by the Eight-Nation Alliance (formed by the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Japan) during the Boxer Rebellion.

  • August 1900: Beijing, Tianjin, and other cities in northern China were occupied by the international force.
  • September 1901: The Boxer Protocol was signed. The Eight Nations Alliance left the territories of Qing China.

Disestablishment

  • September 1901: The Boxer Protocol was signed. The Eight Nations Alliance left the territories of Qing China.