Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Mongol Empire)
This article is about the specific polity Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Mongol Empire) and therefore only includes events related to its territory and not to its possessions or colonies. If you are interested in the possession, this is the link to the article about the nation which includes all possessions as well as all the different incarnations of the nation.
If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here: All Statistics
Was a medieval Armenian state centered in the Cilicia region northwest of the Gulf of Alexandretta. During the period of Mongol conquests, it became a mongol vassal, and then a vassal of one of the successor states of the Mongol Empire, the Ilkhanate.
Establishment
- January 1246: In 1245, the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia became a protectorate of the Mongol Empire and later the Ilkhanate.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
1. Mongol invasions and conquests
Were a series of military campaigny by the Mongols that created the largest contiguous Empire in history, the Mongol Empire, which controlled most of Eurasia.
- January 1246: In 1245, the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia became a protectorate of the Mongol Empire and later the Ilkhanate.
- January 1247: Anamur Region conquered by mongol empire.
- January 1251: The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia captured the Mediterranean coast from Selinos to Seleucia, as well as the cities of Marash and Behisni.
- January 1259: In 1258, the Kesun area was incorporated into the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, which was a Christian state established by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion.
- January 1259: Seljuk rule lasted to 1258, when Maraş was captured by the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.
2. Mongol Civil Wars
Were a series of wars between the successor states of the Mongol Empire.
2.1. Toluid Civil War
Was a war of succession over the Mongol Empire fought between Kublai Khan and his younger brother, Ariq Böke, from 1260 to 1264.
2.1.1. Division of the Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire fragmented into four successor states at the beginning of the Toluid Civil War.
- January 1261: The Kyrrhos and Gaziantep (Ayntab) area was ruled by the Ilkhanate between 1260-1261.
- January 1261: Town of Larende (now Karaman, in honor of the dynasty) and Ermenek (c. 1260).
- January 1261: The Mongol Empire fragmented into four political units: the Golden Horde, the Ilkhanate, the Yuan Dynasty and the Chagatai Khanate.
Disestablishment
- January 1261: The Kyrrhos and Gaziantep (Ayntab) area was ruled by the Ilkhanate between 1260-1261.
- January 1261: Town of Larende (now Karaman, in honor of the dynasty) and Ermenek (c. 1260).
- January 1261: The Mongol Empire fragmented into four political units: the Golden Horde, the Ilkhanate, the Yuan Dynasty and the Chagatai Khanate.
Selected Sources
- Kopalyan, N. (2017): World Political Systems after Polarity, Taylor & Francis, p. 164