Byzantion

If you are looking for the page with the statistics about this polity you can find it here: All Statistics

Establishment

• January 656 BC: Byzantium was colonized by the Greeks from Megara in 657 BC.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Conquests of Darius I

Conquests by Achaemenid ruler Darius I.

• January 512 BC: The city of Byzantion was taken by the Persian Empire at the time of the Scythian campaign (513 BC) of King Darius I.

2. Peloponnesian War

Was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world.

2.1. Second Phase - Deceleian War

Was the second phase of the Peloponnesian War, where Sparta allied with Persia against Athens, which capitulated and lost its empire.

• January 403 BC: After the decisive battle of Aegospotami in 404 BC where Sparta defeated Athens, Byzantion left the Delian League.

3. Corinthian War

Was a conflict in ancient Greece which pitted Sparta against a coalition of city-states comprising Thebes, Athens, Corinth and Argos, backed by the Achaemenid Empire.

3.1. The King's Peace / Peace of Antalcidas

Was a peace treaty guaranteed by the Persian King Artaxerxes II that ended the Corinthian War in ancient Greece.

• January 386 BC: From 387 BC BC Kalchedon was under Persian suzerainty.

4. Social War (357-355)

Was a war between the Second Athenian League and the allied city-states of Chios, Rhodes, Cos and Byzantion.

• January 354 BC: Byzantion left the Second Athenian League. Most of the city-states of the League became independent in 355 BC following the Social War.

5. Wars of the Rise of Macedon

Expansion of Macedonia under King Philip II.

5.1. Third Sacred War

Was fought between the forces of the Delphic Amphictyonic League, principally represented by Thebes, and latterly by Philip II of Macedon, and the Phocians.

5.1.1. Peace of Philocrates

The Peace of Philocrates aknowledged the territorial conquests of Macedonia in Phocis and Thrace.

• January 345 BC: On July 19, Philip II of Macedon made a truce with Phalaikos, the ruler of Phocis. As part of the agreement, Phalaikos surrendered the region to Macedonia.

6. Wars of the Diadochi

Were a series of conflicts that were fought between the generals of Alexander the Great, known as the Diadochi, over who would rule his empire following his death.

6.1. Consolidation of the borders after the Third War of the Diadochi

Were a series of events and military operations after the Third war of the Diadochi that led to the consolidation of the borders between the successor states of the Macedonian Empire.

• January 292 BC: Demetrios (Antigonid Dynasty) occupies Thrace.
• February 292 BC: Demetrios (Antigonid Dynasty) leave Thrace.

7. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

• January 356 BC: Kalchedon was liberated from the Persians by Byzantium.
• January 355 BC: Byzantion left the now weakened Attic Sea Confederation.
• January 322 BC: During the reign (336-323 BC) of Alexander the Great, son of Philip II, Byzantium was forced to recognize Macedonian suzerainty, but it regained its independence under the successors of Alexander the Great.

Disestablishment

• January 195 BC: Titus Quinctius Flamininus proclaimed the freedom of the Greeks, Byzantium became civitas libera et foederata.

Selected Sources

• Spence, I. (2002): Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare, Scarecrow Press, p. XXII