state of the presidi
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The Nation includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Establishment
- July 1557: The Sienese fortresses, castles, ports, places and farmland of, namely, Porto Ercole, Orbetello, Talamone, Monte Argentario and Porto Santo Stefano" (a territory of about 287 square km) enter the State of the Presidi.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
1. War of the Polish Succession
Was a major European conflict sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II of Poland.
1.1. Spanish invasion of Southern Italy
Was the French invasion of southern Italy during the War of the Polish Succession.
- November 1734: Capua is besieged by the State of the Presidi (Naples).
2. French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
Were a series of conflicts between France and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. They include the Coalition Wars as a subset: seven wars waged by various military alliances of great European powers, known as Coalitions, against Revolutionary France - later the First French Empire - and its allies.
2.1. War of the Second Coalition
Was the second war that saw revolutionary France against most of the European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria, and Russia, and including the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Naples, and various German monarchies. Prussia did not join this coalition, and Spain supported France.
- March 1801: By the Treaty of Florence of 28 March 1801, the king of Naples ceded the Presidi to the French Republic, which then ceded them to the new Kingdom of Etruria.
2.2. War of the Sixth Coalition
Was a war between France and a a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, and a number of German States. The coalition emerged after the decimation of the French army in the French invasion of Russia. The coalition ultimately invaded France and forced Napoleon to abdicate and go into exile.
- March 1814: After the Congress of Vienna in 1814, the former republic of Lucca became a duchy under the rule of Maria Luisa of Spain. Piombino was annexed to the grand duchy of Tuscany under the control of Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
2.3. Congress of Vienna
Was a series of international diplomatic meetings after the end of the Napoleonic wars whose aim was a long-term peace plan for Europe. It redraw the borders of Europe and partially restored the Monarchies of the pre-revolutionary period.
- June 1815: After the downfall of France in 1814 and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was restored.
3. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)
- January 1709: From 1708 to 1733 the State of the Presidi passed to the crown of Austria.
- January 1734: Bourbons start their rule on the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Disestablishment
- June 1815: After the downfall of France in 1814 and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was restored.