biafra

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The Nation includes all the forms of the country.

The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:

Republic of Biafra

Establishment

May 1967: A subsumed state in West Africa that existed from May 1967.
May 1967: General Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu declared the independence of the Republic of Biafra.
July 1967: The Nigerian 2nd brigade captured Gakem, Ogudu, and Ogoja.
July 1967: During the Nigerian Civil War in 1967, the Nigerian Federal troops led by General Benjamin Adekunle advanced on the town of Nsukka, which was a stronghold of the breakaway Republic of Biafra. The town eventually fell to the Nigerian forces.
August 1967: On 9 August, the Biafran forces moved to the westside into the Mid-Western of Nigerian region which is across the Niger river, passing through Benin City.
August 1967: The Buafran army was stopped at Ore in (Ondo State) just over the state boundary on 21 August, just 210 kilometers east of the Nigerian capital of Lagos.
September 1967: The Biafran military administrator declared the Republic of Benin.
September 1967: End of the Republic of Benin.
October 1967: The Nigerian Armycaptured Enugu.
October 1967: Biafran Col. Ogi officially surrendered to government forces of Gen. Adekunle in Calabar.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Nigerian Civil War

Was a civil war fought between Nigeria and the Republic of Biafra, a secessionist state which had declared its independence from Nigeria in 1967 and controlled the predominantly Igbo-populated Eastern Region of Nigeria. The war ended after Nigerian forces invaded and occupied Biafra.

May 1967: A subsumed state in West Africa that existed from May 1967.
May 1967: General Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu declared the independence of the Republic of Biafra.

1.1. First Nigerian Offensive

Was the first Nigerian military offensive against the secessionist Republic of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War.

July 1967: The Nigerian 2nd brigade captured Gakem, Ogudu, and Ogoja.
July 1967: During the Nigerian Civil War in 1967, the Nigerian Federal troops led by General Benjamin Adekunle advanced on the town of Nsukka, which was a stronghold of the breakaway Republic of Biafra. The town eventually fell to the Nigerian forces.
September 1967: The Biafran military administrator declared the Republic of Benin.
September 1967: End of the Republic of Benin.
October 1967: The Nigerian Armycaptured Enugu.
October 1967: Biafran Col. Ogi officially surrendered to government forces of Gen. Adekunle in Calabar.

1.2. First Biafran offensive

Was a military offensive by the secessionist Republic of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War.

August 1967: On 9 August, the Biafran forces moved to the westside into the Mid-Western of Nigerian region which is across the Niger river, passing through Benin City.
August 1967: The Buafran army was stopped at Ore in (Ondo State) just over the state boundary on 21 August, just 210 kilometers east of the Nigerian capital of Lagos.

1.3. Second Nigerian Offensive

Was a Nigerian military offensive against the secessionist Republic of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War.

May 1968: On 19 May 1968, Port Harcourt was captured by Nigerian forces.
April 1969: Nigeria captured Umuahia, the new Biafran capital.

1.4. Second Biafran offensive

Was a military offensive by the secessionist Republic of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War.

April 1969: In 1969, during the Nigerian Civil War, Biafran forces led by General Emeka Ojukwu captured the city of Owerri. This marked a significant moment in the conflict between Biafra and the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

1.5. Third Nigerian Offensive

Was the final Nigerian military offensive against the secessionist Republic of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War that resulted in the reconquest of Biafra.

January 1970: Uli conquered by Federal Republic of Nigeria.
January 1970: The surrender paper was signed on 14 January 1970 in Lagos and thus came the end of the civil war and renunciation of secession. Fighting ended a few days later, with the Nigerian forces advancing into the remaining Biafran-held territories, which was met with little resistance.

Disestablishment

January 1970: Uli conquered by Federal Republic of Nigeria.
January 1970: The surrender paper was signed on 14 January 1970 in Lagos and thus came the end of the civil war and renunciation of secession. Fighting ended a few days later, with the Nigerian forces advancing into the remaining Biafran-held territories, which was met with little resistance.