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The cluster includes all the forms of the country.
The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:
Dominion of Pakistan
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Establishment
August 1947: The Dominion of Pakistan was an independent federal dominion in South Asia that was established in August 1947 as a result of the Pakistan Movement, which led to the Partition of British India along religious lines in order to create a separate country for British Indian Muslims. The country encompassed actual Pakistan and Bangladesh.
August 1947: In 1947 British India was partitioned and Chitral opted to accede to Pakistan. After accession, it gradually lost its autonomy, finally becoming an administrative district of Pakistan in 1969.
August 1947: Khaipur state acceded to the Dominion of Pakistan .
August 1947: Accession to India. The Indian Independence Act came into being on 15 August.
September 1947: On 14 September 1947, following the independence of the new Dominions of India and Pakistan, the Khan Sahib Ghulam Moinuddin Khanji unilaterally acceded the state of Manavadar to Pakistan, even though, being a de facto vassal state of Junagadh State, the state had no such right to do so. This act was done at the same time as his master, the Nawab of Junagadh.
September 1947: The Nawab of Junagarh, Muhammad Mahabat Khanji III, a Muslim whose ancestors had ruled Junagarh and small principalities for some two hundred years, decided that Junagarh should become part of Pakistan, much to the displeasure of many of the people of the state, an overwhelming majority of whom were Hindus. The Nawab acceded to the Dominion of Pakistan on 15 September 1947. Pakistan accepted the Nawab's Instrument of Accession on 16 September.
October 1947: British Princely states were given the option to join either Pakistan or India upon withdrawal of British suzerainty in August 1947. The city and princely state of Bahawalpur acceded to Pakistan on 7 October 1947 under Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi V Bahadur.
October 1947: The state forces stationed in the border regions around Muzaffarabad and Domel were quickly defeated by Pakistani forces.
November 1947: By 9 November 1947, the Indian Government assumed the administration of Junagarh using the "pretext" of re-establishing peace.
November 1947: In Gilgit, the state paramilitary forces, called the Gilgit Scouts, joined the invading Pakistani forces, who thereby obtained control of this northern region of the state.
November 1947: Baramulla and Uri were recaptured by Indian forces.
November 1947: An Indian relief column reached Poonch.
November 1947: A second Indian relief column reached Kotli.
Chronology
Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation
Was the partition of British India in two independent entities: India (with a Hindu majority) and Pakistan (with a Muslim majority). This included the several princely states that were dependent on the British Colony.
January 1948: Sardargardh Bantva acceded to Pakistan in 1947.
January 1948: Jandol became part of Pakistan.
January 1948: In 1947, Phulra State acceded to the Dominion of Pakistan. The decision was made by the ruler of Phulra State, Nawab Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi V, in response to the partition of British India and the creation of Pakistan as a separate nation for Muslims.
January 1948: In 1947, the ruler of Nagar State, Mir Shaukat Ali Khan, decided to accede to the Dominion of Pakistan.
February 1948: On 22 October 1947 India took over the administration of Bantva Manavadar. An interim administrator was appointed to carry on the governance of the state, during which time the Government of India held a plebiscite in his domain. Participants voted in favour of union with India and on 15 February 1948 the accession to Pakistan was rescinded.
February 1948: Sardargardh Bantva had acceded to Pakistan in 1947, but then rescinded the accession and re-accedeed to India on 15 February 1948.
March 1948: On 17 March 1948, Kharan acceded to Pakistan.
March 1948: On 17 March 1948, Makran acceded to Pakistan.
March 1948: The Khanate of Kalat was briefly independent from 12 August 1947 until 27 March 1948, when the Khan acceded his state to the new Dominion of Pakistan.
October 1969: In 1969, Swat State officially acceded to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. This decision was made by the Wali of Swat, Miangul Abdul Haq Jahanzeb, who was the last ruler of Swat before it became part of Pakistan.
Was an Indian military campaign to annex the princely state of Junagadh that had joined Pakistan despites being a region with a Hindu majority.
Is an ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan, two countries that emerged fromt he partition of British India in 1947.
3.1.Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
Was a war fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir shortly after the partition of the British Raj.
February 1948: A minor Indian attack secured Chamb.
February 1948: Poonch conquered by India.
February 1948: Pakistani Tribal forces attacked and captured Jhanger.
May 1948: The Indian forces launched a counterattack in the south recapturing Jhanger and Rajauri.
May 1948: Skardu was brought under siege by the Gilgit Scouts.
May 1948: In the Kashmir Valley the Indians attacked, recapturing Tithwail.
May 1948: The Gilgit scouts made good progress in the High Himalayas sector, infiltrating troops to bring Leh under siege.
May 1948: Pakistan captured Kargil.
June 1948: Zoji La fell to the Pakistani forces in May 1948.
June 1948: In 1948, during the Indo-Pakistani War, Keran and Gurais were captured by Indian forces led by Major General Thimayya.
July 1948: Khalatse conquered by pakistan.
August 1948: With the help of artillery Pakistani forces were able to take Skardu.
September 1948: The Zoji La pass was forced and the Pakistanis pushed back to Matayan.
November 1948: Dras conquered by Union of India.
November 1948: Indian troops advanced on Kargil.
November 1948: Poonch was finally relieved after a siege by Pakistani forces of over a year.
December 1948: Situation at ceasefire of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.
3.1.1.Pakistan Invasion
Was the military invasion of Jammu and Kashmir by Pakistani forces.
3.1.2.Indian Counterattack (Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-1948)
Was the Indian counterattack against the Pakistani invasion of Jammu and Kashmir during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-1948.
3.1.3.Pakistan annexion of Gilgit
Was the incorporation of the Gilgit-Baltistan region (one third of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir) into Pakistan in 1947.
3.2.Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Was a border conflict betweenn Pakistan and India that took place in Kashmir.
September 1965: During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the town of Khem Karan was captured by Pakistani forces led by Major General Akhtar Hussain Malik. The town's proximity to the international border made it a strategic location during the conflict.
September 1965: Battle of Phillora.
September 1965: Battle of Lahore.
September 1965: Battle of Chawinda.
January 1966: The Tashkent Declaration was signed by Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and Pakistani President Ayub Khan in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. It aimed to resolve the conflict that arose during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, restoring the status quo ante bellum.
January 1966: The Tashkent Declaration was signed by Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and Pakistani President Ayub Khan in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. It aimed to restore peace between the two countries after the 1965 war, with both leaders agreeing to return to the pre-war borders (status quo ante bellum).
3.3.Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Was a war between India and Pakistan that occurred during the Bangladesh Liberation War in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 until the Pakistani capitulation in Dhaka on 16 December 1971.
3.3.1.Bangladesh Liberation War
Was the war of independence of Bangladesh (at the time known as East Pakistan) against Pakistan.
November 1971: Battle of Garibpur.
December 1971: Battle of Longewala.
December 1971: Defence of Kamalpur.
December 1971: Battle of Gazipur.
December 1971: Battle of Kushtia.
December 1971: Tterritory of Laksham being freed from Pakistani occupation and later integrated into Bangladesh.
December 1971: Indian and Bangladeshi rebels successfully liberated the territories of Hilli, Mymenshingh, Kushtia, and Noakhali from Pakistani control.
December 1971: Bangladeshi rebels successfully liberated Bogra from Pakistani forces.
December 1971: Mitro Bahini takes Dhaka. East Pakistan Army surrenders to Mitro Bahini represented by Jagjit Singh Aurora of the Indian Army faction of the military coalition. Independence of East Pakistan as Bangladesh.
December 1971: Battle of Sylhet.
3.3.2.Punjab Front
Was the theatre of war in Punjab during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
December 1971: Battle of Basantar.
3.3.2.1.Simla Agreement
Was a peace treaty between India and Pakistan that ended the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
July 1972: The lands in West Pakistan occupied by India were returned in the 1972 Simla Agreement, as a gesture of goodwill.
3.4.Siachen conflict
Was a military conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed 1,000-square-mile (2,600 km2) Siachen Glacier region in Kashmir.
April 1984: Operation Meghdoot was an Indian Armed Forces operation to capture the Siachen Glacier in the Kashmir region, precipitating the Siachen Conflict.
3.5.Kargil War
Was a war between India and Pakistan fought in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir.
3.5.1.Infiltrations of Pakistan (Kargil War)
Were a series of Pakistani intrusions in Indian territories during the Kargil War.
May 1999: In 1999, Pakistani troops infiltrated into the Kargil region of India, leading to a conflict between the two countries. The conflict came to be known as the Kargil War.
May 1999: In 1999, Pakistani troops infiltrated into the Kargil region of India, leading to a conflict between the two countries. The conflict came to be known as the Kargil War. Drass, Kaksar and north of Mashkoh were occupied by Pakistan.
July 1999: By July 11, 1999, most of the occupied positions in the Kargil War between India and Pakistan had been recaptured by the Indian Army.
An armed conflict between Afghanistan and Pakistan that took place from September 1960 to September 1961 in Bajaur, Pakistan.
September 1961: Chaman-Quetta Railway, an important strategic pass, was occupied by Afghan forces.
October 1961: Pakistani army retook Chaman-Quetta link after a week of fighting making Afghan forces to retreat back.
Was a civil war in Afghanistan between the end of the 1970's and 2022 that included a series of related conflicts. The first phase of the civil war were two coups d'état that resulted in the establishment of the Socialist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. In order to support the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, the USSR invaded the country. Two years after the Soviet withdrawal, in 1992, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was ended by the Mujahideen, an Islamic rebel group. This was followed by a conflict mainly between the Mujahideen and the Taliban forces (another Islamic militia). Until 1996 Taliban took control of Kabul and most of Afghanistan, and established of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. The civil war continued between the Islamic State of Afghanistan and the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, two governments recognized by different international actors. This phase was ended by the US-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001. The invasion's goals were to capture or kill Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda militants, as well as replace the Taliban with a U.S.-friendly government. With support of the US the Talibans were initially defeated and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was established. However, the Talibans started a counteroffensive and in 2021 recaptured whole Afghanistan and established again the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
5.1.War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)
An US-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 and a phase of the wider Afghan Civil War. The invasion's goals were to capture or kill Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda militants, as well as replace the Taliban with a U.S.-friendly government. With support of the US the Talibans were initially defeated and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was established. However, the Talibans started a counteroffensive and in 2021 recaptured whole Afghanistan and established again the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
January 2002: In the early stage of the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, when the Taliban started fleeing into Pakistan, the local leaders, or Maliks, began a campaign among their locals to host the foreigners. Since then, around 200 Maliks have been assassinated by local Taliban through targeted killings.
A revolt in Waziristan (Pakistan).
September 2006: To end the Waziristan war, Pakistan signed the Waziristan Accord with chieftains from the self-styled Islamic Emirate of Waziristan on 5 September 2006.
March 1952: For a period of three years between 3 October 1952 and 14 October 1955, Las Bela was part of the Baluchistan States Union but retained internal autonomy.
March 1956: Pakistan becomes a republic.
September 1958: Pakistan conquers Gwadar.
March 1963: Pakistan ceded the Shaksgam valley to China on March 3, 1963 while the territorial dispute over Kashmir wit India had not yet been resolved. For this reason, India has not recognized the cession and claims possession of the valley.
July 1969: Amb continued as a Princely state of Pakistan until 1969, when it was incorporated into the North West Frontier Province now (Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa).
July 1969: The Dir state was incorporated into Pakistan, ceasing its political existence. The royal status of the Nawabs was abolished in 1972, at the same time as most other princes of Pakistan.
Selected Sources
Indian independence Act. Retrieved on March, 24th 2024 on https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1947/30/pdfs/ukpga_19470030_en.pdf
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