paenonian kingdom

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The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:

• Paenonian Kingdom
• Paenonian Kingdom (Macedon)

Establishment

• January 448 BC: At some point after the Greco-Persian Wars, the Paeonian princedoms coalesced into a kingdom centred in the central and upper reaches of the Axios and Strymon rivers, corresponding with today's northern part of North Macedonia and western Bulgaria.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Wars of the Rise of Macedon

Expansion of Macedonia under King Philip II.

1.1. Macedonian conquest of the Paeonian Kingdom

Was the military campaign of Macedonia king Philip II against the Paeonian Kingdom.

• January 357 BC: Macedonian king Perdiccas's succeeded in 358 BC with a campaign deep into the north, into Paeonia itself. This reduced the Paeonian kingdom (then ruled by Agis) to a semi-autonomous, subordinate status, which led to a process of gradual and formal Hellenization of the Paeonians.

Disestablishment

• January 229 BC: Dropion: last known Paeonian king in 230 BC, of a dwindling kingdom.
• January 229 BC: In 230 BC, the Kingdom of Dardania, under the leadership of King Longarus, successfully captured the city of Bylazora from the Paionians. This conquest marked a significant territorial expansion for the Kingdom of Dardania in the region.