Cluster mombasa sultanate

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The Nation includes all the forms of the country.

The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:

Establishment

  • January 1503: Mvita (Kiswahili) or Manbasa (Arabic) sultanate independent from Kilwa Kisiwani.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. War of the Portuguese Succession

Was a succession crisis caused by the death of the King of Portugal without heirs. The conflict saw two main claimants to the Portuguese throne: António, Prior of Crato, proclaimed in several towns as King of Portugal, and his first cousin Philip II of Spain, who eventually succeeded in claiming the crown, reigning as Philip I of Portugal.

  • October 1580: Philip II of Spain succeeded in claiming the Portuguese crown, reigning as Philip I of Portugal.

2. Conquests of Murad III

Expansion during the rule of Murad III in the Ottoman Empire.

2.1. Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1586-1589)

Were armed military engagements which took place between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire along the coast of eastern Africa.

2.1.1. Ottoman backed revolt of Indian Ocean coast

Was a revolt backed by the Ottomans in the East African coast against Portuguese rule.

  • January 1586: Ottoman conquest of Mombasa.
  • January 1587: The Ottomans occupied Mombasa and built a fort there.

2.1.2. Portuguese Counterattack

Were a series of Portuguese military actions against African rebels and the Ottomans during the Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1586-1589).

  • March 1589: Battle of Mombasa.

3. Portuguese Restoration War

Was a revolution organized by the Portuguese nobility and bourgeoisie sixty years after the crowning of Philip I (Philip II of Spain), the first "dual monarch", that ended the Iberian Union.

  • November 1640: A revolution organized by the nobility and bourgeoisie on 1 December 1640, sixty years after the crowning of Philip I (Philip II of Spain), the first "dual monarch", ended the Iberian Union between Portugal and Spain.

4. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

  • January 1529: In 1528, the Portuguese ransacked Mombasa again to finally take control of the East African coast.
  • March 1588: Mombasa fell under Ottoman Empire suzerainty.
  • August 1632: Mombasa become a Portuguese colony subordinated to Goa.
  • December 1698: The fort of Mombasa was subject to an epic two-year siege from 1696-98 by the Omani Arabs, led by Saif bin Sultan. The capture of the fort marked the end of Portuguese presence on the coast.
  • March 1728: Portuguese rule restored in Mombasa.
  • November 1729: Mombasa conquered by Imamate of Oman.
  • January 1747: The Mombasa Sultanate gains independency, which is disputed by Oman.
  • January 1801: Tumbatu Island state established.
  • February 1824: British provisional protectorate of the Mombasa Sultanate declared.
  • July 1826: Omani rule restored in Mombasa.

Disestablishment

  • July 1826: Omani rule restored in Mombasa.

Selected Sources

  • Fernández Álvarez, M. (1998): Felipe II y su tiempo, cuarta edición, p. 523
  • de Oliveira Marques , A. H. R.(1972): History of Portugal, Columbia University Press, p. 322-325