Cluster kingdom of mercia

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The Nation includes all the forms of the country.

The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:

Establishment

  • January 528: Establishment of the Kingdom of Mercia in central England. The earliest known king was Creoda.

Chronology

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

1. Battle of Deorham

According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, it was a battle between Wessex and the Britons.

  • January 578: The Kingdom of the Hwicce was established in 577 after the Battle of Deorham, where the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia defeated the Britons.

2. Mercian Supremacy

Was a period in the history of England when the kingdom of Mercia dominated the Anglo-Saxon petty kingdoms.

  • January 765: The Kingdom of Kent becomes a vassal of Mercia.
  • January 770: The Kingdom of Kent ceases to be a vassal of Mercia.
  • January 772: The Kingdom of Sussex was subjected to Mercia from 771 to c. 796.
  • January 786: The Kingdom of Kent becomes a vassal of Mercia.
  • January 795: East Anglia becomes a vassal of Mercia.
  • January 797: East Anglia reverts to an independent kingdom.
  • January 797: The Kingdom of Kent ceases to be a vassal of Mercia.
  • January 797: Subject to Mercia from 771 to around 796, the Kingdom of Sussex was eventually absorbed by the Kingdom of Sussex. This marked the end of Mercian control over the territory, with the Kingdom of Sussex gaining dominance in the region.
  • January 799: East Anglia becomes a vassal of Mercia.
  • January 799: The Kingdom of Kent becomes a vassal of Mercia.
  • January 826: East Anglia reverts to an independent kingdom.

3. Conquests of Ecgberth of Wessex

Were the conquests by king Ecgberth of Wessex in England.

  • January 826: The Kingdom of Kent becomes a vassal of Wessex.
  • January 830: Wiglaf of Mercia ruled for less than two years before Egbert of Wessex drove him out of Mercia.
  • January 831: In 830 Wiglaf regained independence for Mercia, but by this time Wessex had clearly become the dominant power in England.

4. Viking invasion of the British isles

Was the Viking invasion of the British Isles that started with the arrival of the Great Heathen Army in 865 and resulted in the establishment of the Danelaw, the part of England dominated by the Danes.

  • January 873: Torksey conquered by Danelaw.
  • January 878: In 877 the Danes seized the eastern part of Mercia, which became part of the Danelaw.
  • January 904: Æthelwald incited the East Anglian Danes into breaking the peace. They ravaged Mercia before winning a pyrrhic victory that saw the death of Æthelwald and the Danish King Eohric.
  • February 904: Æthelwald incited the East Anglian Danes into breaking the peace. They ravaged Mercia before winning a pyrrhic victory that saw the death of Æthelwald and the Danish King Eohric.
  • July 918: In return for peace and protection, the Kingdoms of Essex and East Anglia accept Edward the Elder of Wessex as their suzerain overlord.

5. Further events (Unrelated to Any War)

  • January 616: The Kingdom of Ergyng was a Welsh kingdom of the sub-Roman and early medieval period. The area was originally part of the Kingdom of Glywysing and Gwent, but seems to have become independent for a period under King Peibio Clafrog in the 5th or 6th century and again under Gwrfoddw Hen in the early 7th century, c. 615.
  • January 629: After 628, the kingdom became a client or satellite kingdom of Mercia following the Battle of Cirencester.
  • January 655: East Anglia becomes a vassal of Mercia.
  • January 656: East Anglia reverts to an independent kingdom.
  • January 680: The next king, Æthelred, defeated Northumbria in the Battle of the Trent in 679, settling once and for all the long-disputed control of the former kingdom of Lindsey.
  • January 880: Ceolwulf, the last king of Mercia, left with the western half, reigned until 879. From about 883 until his death in 911 Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians, ruled Mercia under the overlordship of Wessex.

Disestablishment

  • January 919: When Æthelflæd died in 918, Ælfwynn, her daughter by Æthelred, succeeded as 'Second Lady of the Mercians'. However within six months Edward had deprived her of all authority in Mercia and taken her into Wessex. Ælfwynn was the ruler of Mercia for a few months, from 12 June 918 to December 918.