mecca

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The Nation includes all the forms of the country.

The cluster includes the following incarnations of the same nation:

Establishment

January 1013: In 1012, the Emir of Mecca Abu'l-Futuh al-Hasan declared himself caliph.

Interactive Chronologies with maps are available in the section Changes Navigation

January 1014: In 1013, Sharifate of Mecca leader, Sharif al-Hasan ibn Ammar, was persuaded to give up his title by the Fatimid Caliphate. This event marked the transfer of power from the Sharifate of Mecca to the Fatimid Caliphate.
January 1082: The Sulayhids appointed the Emirs of Mecca.
January 1201: In 1200 circa, a sharif by the name of Qatadah ibn Idris seized power in Mecca and was recognised as Emir by the Ayyubid sultan.
January 1239: The Rasulids of Yemen attempted to end Ayyubid suzerainty in the Hejaz and bring the region under their control which they accomplished in 1238 when Nur al-Din Umar captured Mecca.
February 1239: The Rasulids leave Mecca.

January 1351: The Mamluks succeeded in taking over the Hejaz, and made it a regular province of their empire after 1350.