Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence

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1. Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)

Was a war between Greece and the Turkish National Movement during the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I.

1.1. Greek Expansion in the aftermath of WWI

Was the Greek occupation of Turkish territories in the aftermath of World War I.

• May 1919: The Greeks brought their forces into Eastern Thrace (apart from Constantinople and its region).
• May 1919: The occupation of Smyrna was the military control by Greek forces of the city of Smyrna and surrounding areas.

1.2. Greek Offensive (Greco-Turkish War)

Was a Greek offensive in Turkey during the Greco-Turkish War.

• March 1921: Greek I Army Corps took Kara Hisâr-ı Sâhib (present-day Afyonkarahisar).
• September 1921: Following the retreat of the Turkish troops under Ismet Inönü in the battle of Kütahya-Eskişehir the Greek Army advanced afresh to the Sakarya River (Sangarios in Greek), less than 100 kilometres west of Ankara.
• July 1920: Kula  was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
• July 1920: Balıkesir  was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
• August 1920: Nazilli  was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
• August 1920: Karamürsel  was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
• August 1920: Gemlik and Mudanya  were captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
• August 1920: Bursa  was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
• August 1920: Bandırma, Kirmasti and Karacabey  were captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
• August 1921: Gains from Greek Offensive by July 1921.
• August 1920: Uşak  was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
• July 1920: Kırkağaç, Soma and Salihli  were captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
• January 1921: The Greek advance in Turkey was halted for the first time at the First Battle of İnönü.
• August 1920: İznik  was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
• August 1920: Gediz and Ulubey  were captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
• September 1920: Simav  was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.
• July 1921: Battle of Kütahya-Eskişehir.
• September 1920: Gains from Greek Offensive by August 1920.
• March 1921: Turkish Army Officer İsmet İnönü attacked again after receiving reinforcements, and recaptured Metristepe.
• July 1920: Alaşehir  was captured by a joint British and Greek offensive.

1.3. Greek Retreat after the Battle of Sakarya

Was the Greek reatreat after the battle of Sakarya during the Greco-Turkish War.

• September 1921: After Greek retreat, Turkish forces managed to retake Sivrihisar.

1.4. Turkish counter-attack (Greco-Turkish War)

Was a Turkish offensive against the Greek army during the Greco-Turkish War.

• September 1922: Anisa was taken by the Ottomans on September 8.
• September 1922: Aydın conquered by Ottoman Empire.
• September 1922: Aydın, Germencik and Kuşadası fell under Turkish control.
• September 1922: Gemlik and Mudanya fell to the Ottomans on September 11.
• September 1922: Mustafa Kemal's troops moved into the straits zones and refused British requests to leave. The British cabinet was divided on the matter but eventually any possible armed conflict was prevented. British General Charles Harington, allied commander in Constantinople, kept his men from firing on Turks and warned the British cabinet against any rash adventure. The Greek fleet left Constantinople upon his request. The British finally decided to force the Greeks to withdraw behind the Maritsa in Thrace. This convinced Mustafa Kemal to accept the opening of armistice talks.
• September 1922: On 16 September the last Greek troops left Çeşme.
• September 1922: Turkish cavalry entered Smyrna on September 9.
• September 1922: On September 2, 1922, Eskişehir was captured by the Turkish National Forces led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
• September 1922: Balıkesir and Bilecik were taken by the Ottomans on September 6.
• August 1922: The major Greek defense positions were overrun, and Afyon fell to Ottoman forces.
• September 1922: The expulsion of the Greek Army from Anatolia was completed.

2. Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur

Was a series of revolts led by the Ottoman gendarme officer Ahmet Anzavur against the Turkish national movement during the Turkish War of Independence.

• November 1919: 2 November 1919 - 16 April 1920: Ottoman loyalist revolt.

3. Kuva-yi Inzibatiye

Were revolts of the imperial government of the Ottoman Empire against the Turkish national movement during the Turkish War of Independence.

• April 1920: April 18, 1920 – June 25, 1920: Ottoman loyalist revolt.

4. Milli Tribe Rebellion

Was a Kurdish revolt in Turkey.

• June 1920: Feudal Originated Riot.

5. Revenge Regiment Rebellion

Was a revolt in Turkey during Turkish War of Independence.

• July 1920: Minority riot.

6. Konya rebellion

Was an uprising in Konya against the Turkish national movement during the Turkish War of Independence.

• October 1920: October 2–6, 1920: Feudal Originated Riot.

7. Pontus Rebellion

Was a revolt in Turkey during Turkish War of Independence.

• December 1920: Minority riot.

8. Koçgiri rebellion

Was a revolt in Turkey during Turkish War of Independence.

• March 1921: 6 March 1921 - 17 June 1921: Feudal Originated Riot.

Selected Sources

• Ahmet N.O. (1986): Kula, Katakekaumene (Yanık yöre): 2000 yıl önce Strabon'un adını koyduğu yöre, Öğrenci Basimevi, pp. 137-138.
• Sayhan, M. (2006): Milli Mücadele'de Çivril, (1919-1922), Kitsan, pp. 15-18