Event Peninsular War

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Was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars.

Chronology

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  • January 1813: In 1812-1813, the First French Empire annexed Catalonia during the Peninsular War (Guerra Peninsular) and divided the region into four départements, with Andorra as a part of the district of Puigcerdà.
  • May 1814: The British left Madeira after the End of the Peninsular War.
  • April 1814: The Battle of Toulouse took place in April 1814 during the Napoleonic Wars. It was fought between the French army, led by Marshal Soult, and the Allied forces of Spain and Great Britain, commanded by the Duke of Wellington. The battle resulted in a victory for the Allies, leading to the occupation of Toulouse.
  • April 1814: The Battle of Toulouse took place in April 1814 during the Napoleonic Wars. It was fought between the French army, led by Marshal Soult, and the Allied forces of Spain and Great Britain, commanded by the Duke of Wellington. The battle resulted in a victory for the Allies, leading to the occupation of Toulouse.
  • April 1814: The Battle of Toulouse took place in April 1814 during the Napoleonic Wars. It was fought between the French army, led by Marshal Soult, and the Allied forces of Spain and Great Britain, commanded by the Duke of Wellington. The battle resulted in a victory for the Allies, leading to the occupation of Toulouse.
  • May 1814: The British left Madeira after the End of the Peninsular War.
  • March 1814: French retreat t Tarbes. End of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Spain.
  • April 1814: The Battle of Toulouse took place in April 1814 during the Napoleonic Wars. It was fought between the French army, led by Marshal Soult, and the Allied forces of Spain and Great Britain, commanded by the Duke of Wellington. The battle resulted in a victory for the Allies, leading to the occupation of Toulouse.

1. French Campaigns in Spain and Portugal (1807-1812)

Were a series of military campaigns by the French army in Spain and Portugal during the Peninsular War.

  • December 1809: The city of Girona fell on 12 December 1809 during the Peninsular War, when French forces captured the city from the Spanish defenders.
  • December 1809: The city of Girona fell on 12 December 1809 during the Peninsular War, when French forces captured the city from the Spanish defenders.
  • October 1811: The Spanish defenders of Sagunto capitulated on 25 October.
  • December 1808: Napoleon struck with overwhelming strength and the Spanish defense evaporated at Burgos, Tudela, Espinosa and Somosierra.
  • January 1810: Ellermann marched on Del Parque's position at Salamanca, who promptly abandoned it and retreated south.
  • February 1808: Between 9 and 12 February, the French divisions of the eastern and western Pyrenees crossed the border and occupied Navarre and Catalonia, including the citadels of Pamplona and Barcelona.
  • October 1811: The Spanish defenders of Sagunto capitulated on 25 October.
  • December 1808: In 1808, during the Peninsular War, French Marshal Soult captured the city of León in Spain as part of Napoleon's invasion. This event was significant in the struggle for control of the Iberian Peninsula between the French forces and the Spanish resistance.
  • March 1808: On 23 March 1808, French Marshal Joachim Murat entered Madrid.
  • February 1809: French forces captured the city of Zaragoza.
  • January 1812: During the Peninsular War, French Marshal Louis Gabriel Suchet trapped Spanish General Joaquin Blake's army in Valencia, forcing its surrender in January 1812. This victory was part of Napoleon's efforts to control Spain during the Napoleonic Wars.
  • January 1812: During the Peninsular War, French Marshal Louis Gabriel Suchet trapped Spanish General Joaquin Blake's army in Valencia, forcing its surrender in January 1812. This victory was part of Napoleon's efforts to control Spain during the Napoleonic Wars.
  • March 1809: A French army led by Victor invaded southern Spain and routed Gregorio de la Cuesta's army at Medellín.
  • December 1808: Madrid surrendered on 1 December 1808 to French forces.
  • March 1808: On 23 March 1808, French Marshal Joachim Murat entered Madrid.
  • March 1808: On 23 March 1808, French Marshal Joachim Murat entered Madrid.
  • January 1809: The British troops escaped to the sea after fending off a strong French attack at Corunna. The French occupied the most populated region in Spain, including the important towns of Lugo and La Corunna.
  • March 1808: On 23 March 1808, French Marshal Joachim Murat entered Madrid.
  • May 1808: In 1808, under French pressure, King Charles IV and his son, Ferdinand VII, both abdicated their claims to Napoleon. This led to the establishment of the Kingdom of Spain under Napoleonic rule.
  • February 1808: Between 9 and 12 February, the French divisions of the eastern and western Pyrenees crossed the border and occupied Navarre and Catalonia, including the citadels of Pamplona and Barcelona.
  • December 1808: Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr's 17,000-strong VII Corps besieged and captured Roses from an Anglo-Spanish garrison.
  • January 1810: The Junta Central decided to flee to the safety of Cádiz.
  • February 1809: French forces captured the city of Zaragoza.
  • January 1811: General Suchet, a French military leader under Napoleon Bonaparte, captured the town of Tortosa from the Spanish in Catalonia during the Napoleonic Wars in 1811. This victory was part of the French conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
  • June 1811: Catalonia fell to a surprise attack on 29 June.
  • August 1809: The French withdrew for the last time from Galicia in July 1809.
  • February 1808: Between 9 and 12 February, the French divisions of the eastern and western Pyrenees crossed the border and occupied Navarre and Catalonia, including the citadels of Pamplona and Barcelona.
  • January 1809: The British troops escaped to the sea after fending off a strong French attack at Corunna. The French occupied the most populated region in Spain, including the important towns of Lugo and La Corunna.
  • March 1808: In early March 1808, Marshal Joachim Murat, a French military leader and brother-in-law of Napoleon Bonaparte, established his headquarters in Vitoria, Spain. This marked the beginning of the French military occupation of the territory during the Napoleonic Wars.
  • August 1809: Allied forces withdrew from Talavera, Spain, on 4 August.
  • November 1807: In 1807, French General Junot invaded Portugal, leading to the occupation of Lisbon on November 30. The Portuguese Prince Regent John fled with his family, courtiers, and valuables aboard a fleet, seeking refuge in Brazil.
  • February 1808: Between 9 and 12 February, the French divisions of the eastern and western Pyrenees crossed the border and occupied Navarre and Catalonia, including the citadels of Pamplona and Barcelona.
  • February 1808: Between 9 and 12 February, the French divisions of the eastern and western Pyrenees crossed the border and occupied Navarre and Catalonia, including the citadels of Pamplona and Barcelona.
  • November 1807: In 1807, French General Junot invaded Portugal, leading to the occupation of Lisbon on November 30. The Portuguese Prince Regent John fled with his family, courtiers, and valuables aboard a fleet, seeking refuge in Brazil.
  • February 1808: Between 9 and 12 February, the French divisions of the eastern and western Pyrenees crossed the border and occupied Navarre and Catalonia, including the citadels of Pamplona and Barcelona.
  • December 1808: Madrid surrendered on 1 December 1808 to French forces.
  • August 1809: Allied forces withdrew from Talavera, Spain, on 4 August.
  • March 1808: In early March 1808, Marshal Joachim Murat, a French military leader and brother-in-law of Napoleon Bonaparte, established his headquarters in Vitoria, Spain. This marked the beginning of the French military occupation of the territory during the Napoleonic Wars.
  • March 1808: In early March 1808, Marshal Joachim Murat, a French military leader and brother-in-law of Napoleon Bonaparte, established his headquarters in Vitoria, Spain. This marked the beginning of the French military occupation of the territory during the Napoleonic Wars.
  • January 1811: General Suchet, a French military leader under Napoleon Bonaparte, captured the town of Tortosa from the Spanish in Catalonia during the Napoleonic Wars in 1811. This victory was part of the French conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
  • March 1808: In early March 1808, Marshal Joachim Murat, a French military leader and brother-in-law of Napoleon Bonaparte, established his headquarters in Vitoria, Spain. This marked the beginning of the French military occupation of the territory during the Napoleonic Wars.
  • December 1808: In 1808, during the Peninsular War, French Marshal Soult captured the city of León in Spain as part of Napoleon's invasion. This event was significant in the struggle for control of the Iberian Peninsula between the French forces and the Spanish resistance.
  • May 1808: In 1808, under French pressure, King Charles IV and his son, Ferdinand VII, both abdicated their claims to Napoleon. This led to the establishment of the Kingdom of Spain under Napoleonic rule.
  • May 1808: In 1808, under French pressure, King Charles IV and his son, Ferdinand VII, both abdicated their claims to Napoleon. This led to the establishment of the Kingdom of Spain under Napoleonic rule.
  • March 1809: A French army led by Victor invaded southern Spain and routed Gregorio de la Cuesta's army at Medellín.

2. Iberia in revolt

Were a series of uprisings against the French rule in the Iberian Peninsula.

  • May 1808: In 1808, the first wave of uprisings against French occupation of Spain occurred in Cartagena and Valencia.
  • July 1808: At the Battle of Medina de Rioseco on 14 July, Bessières defeated Cuesta and Old Castile returned to French control.
  • July 1808: In 1808, Portugal erupted in revolt in June against French occupation led by Napoleon Bonaparte. The Portuguese royal family, including Queen Maria I and Prince Regent John, fled to Brazil, transferring the kingdom's capital to Rio de Janeiro.
  • June 1808: By 1 June the main French army of 80,000 held a narrow strip of central Spain from Pamplona and San Sebastián in the north to Madrid and Toledo in the centre.
  • May 1808: In 1808, the first wave of uprisings against French occupation of Spain occurred in Cartagena and Valencia.
  • May 1808: Zaragoza and Murcia conquered by Kingdom of Spain.
  • May 1808: Zaragoza and Murcia conquered by Kingdom of Spain.
  • August 1808: Joseph Bonaparte evacuated the capital for Old Castile, while ordering Verdier to abandon the siege of Zaragoza and Bessières to retire from Leon.
  • July 1808: In 1808, Portugal erupted in revolt in June against French occupation led by Napoleon Bonaparte. The Portuguese royal family, including Queen Maria I and Prince Regent John, fled to Brazil, transferring the kingdom's capital to Rio de Janeiro.
  • May 1808: The province of Asturias cast out its French governor on 25 May and declared war on Napoleon.

3. Second Portuguese campaign

Was a French military campaign in Portugal during the Peninsular War.

  • March 1809: First Battle of Porto.
  • May 1809: After the Battle of Grijó (10-11 May) and the Second Battle of Porto (12 May), the French lost all their conquests in Portugal.
  • May 1809: After the Battle of Grijó (10-11 May) and the Second Battle of Porto (12 May), the French lost all their conquests in Portugal.
  • March 1809: First Battle of Porto.
  • March 1809: In 1809, during the Peninsular War, Marshal Soult's French troops attacked Braga, Portugal. The Portuguese forces, led by General Francisco Silveira, were unprepared and suffered heavy losses. Approximately 4,000 Portuguese soldiers were killed, while the French lost around 200 men in the battle.
  • May 1809: After the Battle of Grijó (10-11 May) and the Second Battle of Porto (12 May), the French lost all their conquests in Portugal.
  • May 1809: After the Battle of Grijó (10-11 May) and the Second Battle of Porto (12 May), the French lost all their conquests in Portugal.
  • March 1809: In 1809, during the Peninsular War, Marshal Soult's French troops attacked Braga, Portugal. The Portuguese forces, led by General Francisco Silveira, were unprepared and suffered heavy losses. Approximately 4,000 Portuguese soldiers were killed, while the French lost around 200 men in the battle.
  • May 1809: After the Battle of Grijó (10-11 May) and the Second Battle of Porto (12 May), the French lost all their conquests in Portugal.
  • March 1809: First Battle of Porto.
  • May 1809: After the Battle of Grijó (10-11 May) and the Second Battle of Porto (12 May), the French lost all their conquests in Portugal.
  • March 1809: First Battle of Porto.

4. Coalition campaigns in the Iberian Peninsula

Ware a series of military campaigns by Great Britain, Spain and Portugal against the French forces in the Iberian Peninsula. The French were finally expelled.

  • April 1814: French General Pierre-Joseph Habert surrendered Barcelona to Spanish forces on 25 April 1814.
  • March 1814: In 1814, during the Napoleonic Wars, French Marshal Suchet's division of 9,661 men retreated to Figueras, leaving most of Catalonia. The territory was then occupied by Spain and Great Britain. Suchet was a prominent French military leader known for his campaigns in Spain.
  • August 1813: The Allies chased the retreating French, reaching the Pyrenees in early July, and began operations against San Sebastian and Pamplona.
  • July 1813: Battle of Roncesvalles.
  • July 1813: Battle of Roncesvalles.
  • September 1813: The Citadel of San Sebastián surrendered to Spanish forces on 9 September.
  • March 1814: In 1814, during the Napoleonic Wars, French Marshal Suchet's division of 9,661 men retreated to Figueras, leaving most of Catalonia. The territory was then occupied by Spain and Great Britain. Suchet was a prominent French military leader known for his campaigns in Spain.
  • February 1814: During the Peninsular War in 1814, British General Hill successfully pushed the French forces back to Joyeuse after defeating them in the Battle of Garris.
  • December 1813: Wellington occupied the right as well as the left bank of the Nive.
  • June 1812: The allied army took Salamanca.
  • June 1813: At the Battle of Vitoria, Joseph Bonaparte's 65,000-man army were defeated decisively.
  • July 1813: In 1813, during the Napoleonic Wars, Marshal Soult of the Kingdom of Spain launched a counter-offensive against the Allies in the Battle of the Pyrenees. The Allies were defeated at the Battle of Maya, marking a significant victory for the Kingdom of Spain.
  • January 1812: French conquest of Catalonia.
  • June 1813: In 1813, during the Peninsular War, Burgos was seized by the French forces.
  • April 1814: French General Pierre-Joseph Habert surrendered Barcelona to Spanish forces on 25 April 1814.
  • February 1814: During the Peninsular War in 1814, British General Hill successfully pushed the French forces back to Joyeuse after defeating them in the Battle of Garris.
  • June 1813: In 1813, during the Peninsular War, Burgos was seized by the French forces.
  • August 1813: The French forces of Suchet, after the Battle of Vitoria, evacuated Tarragona.
  • December 1813: Wellington occupied the right as well as the left bank of the Nive.
  • April 1812: The town of Badajoz was stormed on 6 April 1812 during the Peninsular War. The assault was led by British General Arthur Wellesley, also known as the Duke of Wellington, and resulted in a bloody battle with heavy casualties on both sides. The town ultimately fell to the British and Portuguese forces, marking a significant victory in the war against the French.
  • June 1812: The allied army took Salamanca.
  • July 1813: In 1813, during the Napoleonic Wars, Marshal Soult of the Kingdom of Spain launched a counter-offensive against the Allies in the Battle of the Pyrenees. The Allies were defeated at the Battle of Maya, marking a significant victory for the Kingdom of Spain.
  • February 1814: During the Peninsular War in 1814, British General Hill successfully pushed the French forces back to Joyeuse after defeating them in the Battle of Garris.
  • April 1814: French General Pierre-Joseph Habert surrendered Barcelona to Spanish forces on 25 April 1814.
  • February 1814: During the Peninsular War in 1814, British General Hill successfully pushed the French forces back to Joyeuse after defeating them in the Battle of Garris.
  • April 1814: French General Pierre-Joseph Habert surrendered Barcelona to Spanish forces on 25 April 1814.
  • April 1814: French General Pierre-Joseph Habert surrendered Barcelona to Spanish forces on 25 April 1814.
  • January 1812: The border fortress town of Ciudad Rodrigo was captured with an assault led by the Duke of Wellington and his British and Portuguese forces during the Peninsular War in 1812. The territory was then returned to the Kingdom of Spain.
  • January 1812: The border fortress town of Ciudad Rodrigo was captured with an assault led by the Duke of Wellington and his British and Portuguese forces during the Peninsular War in 1812. The territory was then returned to the Kingdom of Spain.
  • June 1813: At the Battle of Vitoria, Joseph Bonaparte's 65,000-man army were defeated decisively.
  • April 1812: The town of Badajoz was stormed on 6 April 1812 during the Peninsular War. The assault was led by British General Arthur Wellesley, also known as the Duke of Wellington, and resulted in a bloody battle with heavy casualties on both sides. The town ultimately fell to the British and Portuguese forces, marking a significant victory in the war against the French.

5. French Autumn counterattack

Was a French counterattack against the military campaign by the Coalition in the Iberian Peninsula.

  • July 1812: As a consequence of the Salamanca campaign, the French were forced to evacuate the provinces of Andalusia and Asturias.