Livonian Counterattack
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Were the Livonian operation against the Russian invasion.
Chronology
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- January 1559: In 1558, Livonian forces, led by the Livonian Confederation (Poland-Lithuania) and supported by 1,200 landsknechte and 100 gunners from Germany, successfully retook Wesenberg (now Rakvere) and several other fortresses from the invading Russian forces during the Livonian War.
- September 1560: The Russian Tsar's forces took important fortresses like Fellin, yet lacked the means to gain the major cities of Riga, Reval or Pernau.
- January 1559: In 1558, Livonian forces, led by the Livonian Confederation (Poland-Lithuania) and supported by 1,200 landsknechte and 100 gunners from Germany, successfully retook Wesenberg (now Rakvere) and several other fortresses from the invading Russian forces during the Livonian War.
- September 1560: The Russian Tsar's forces took important fortresses like Fellin, yet lacked the means to gain the major cities of Riga, Reval or Pernau.
Selected Sources
- Frost, R. I. (2000): The Northern Wars: War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721, London (UK), p. 25